geo.wikisort.org - Mountains

The Greater Caucasus (Azerbaijani: Böyük Qafqaz, Бөјүк Гафгаз, بيوک قافقاز; Georgian: დიდი კავკასიონი, Didi K’avk’asioni; Russian: Большой Кавказ, Bolshoy Kavkaz, sometimes translated as "Caucasus Major", "Big Caucasus" or "Large Caucasus") is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains.

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Greater Caucasus
Great Caucasus Range near Arkhyz
Highest point
Peak	Mount Elbrus
Elevation	5,642 m (18,510 ft)
Coordinates	43°21′18″N 42°26′31″E
Dimensions
Length	1,200 km (750 mi) NW-SE
Geography
Satellite image
Countries	Azerbaijan, Georgia and Russia
Region	Caucasus
Parent range	Caucasus Mountains
Borders on	Lesser Caucasus

The range stretches for about 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from west-northwest to east-southeast, between the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea: from the Western Caucasus in the vicinity of Sochi on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea and reaching nearly to Baku on the Caspian.

Geography

The range is traditionally separated into three parts:

• The Western Caucasus, between the Black Sea and Mount Elbrus
• The Central Caucasus, between Mount Elbrus and Mount Kazbek
• The Eastern Caucasus, between Mount Kazbek and the Caspian Sea

In the wetter Western Caucasus, the mountains are heavily forested (deciduous forest up to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft), coniferous forest up to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) and alpine meadows above the tree line). In the drier Eastern Caucasus, the mountains are mostly treeless.

Europe–Asia boundary

The watershed of the Caucasus is also considered by some to be the boundary between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. The European part north of the watershed is known as Ciscaucasia; the Asiatic part to the south as Transcaucasia, which is dominated by the Lesser Caucasus mountain range and whose western portion converges with Eastern Anatolia.[1]

Most of the border of Russia with Georgia and Azerbaijan runs along most of the Caucasus' length. The Georgian Military Road (Darial Gorge) and Trans-Caucasus Highway traverse this mountain range at altitudes of up to 3,000 metres (9,800 ft).

Watershed

The watershed of the Caucasus was the border between the Caucasia province of the Russian Empire in the north and the Ottoman Empire and Persia in the south in 1801, until the Russian victory in 1813 and the Treaty of Gulistan which moved the border of the Russian Empire well within Transcaucasia.[2] The border between Georgia and Russia still follows the watershed almost exactly (except for Georgia's western border, which extends south of the watershed, and a narrow strip of territory in northwestern Kakheti and northern Mtskheta-Mtianeti where Georgia extends north of the watershed), while Azerbaijan is south of the watershed except that its northeastern corner has five districts north of the watershed (Khachmaz, Quba, Qusar, Shabran, and Siazan).

Peaks

• Mount Elbrus, 5,642 m (18,510 ft), 43°21′18″N 42°26′21″E is the highest mountain in Europe.
• Dykh-Tau, 5,205 m (17,077 ft), 43°3′N 43°8′E
• Shkhara, 5,201 m (17,064 ft), 43.01°N 43.17°E / 43.01; 43.17 (Shkhara)
• Koshtan-Tau, 5,151 m (16,900 ft), 43.05°N 43.2167°E / 43.05; 43.2167 (Koshtan-Tau)
• Shota Rustaveli Peak, 4,859 m (15,942 ft), 43.02592°N 43.04349°E / 43.02592; 43.04349 (Shota Rustaveli Peak)
• Kazbek (Mkinvartsveri), 5,047 m (16,558 ft), 42°41′51″N 44°31′08″E
• Tebulosmta, 4,493 m (14,741 ft), 42.64°N 45.32°E / 42.64; 45.32 (Tebulosmta)
• Diklosmta, 4,285 m (14,058 ft), 42.55°N 45.80°E / 42.55; 45.80 (Diklosmta)
• Bazardüzü, 4,466 m (14,652 ft), 41.27°N 47.79°E / 41.27; 47.79 (Bazardüzü)
• Babadag, 3,629 m (11,906 ft), 41.05°N 48.29°E / 41.05; 48.29 (Babadag)
• Katyn-Tau, 4,979 m (16,335 ft), 43.03069°N 43.03555°E / 43.03069; 43.03555 (Katyn-Tau)
• Pik Pushkina [ru], 5,033 m (16,512 ft), 43.01422°N 43.07001°E / 43.01422; 43.07001 (Pushkin)
• Janga, 5,051 m (16,572 ft), 43.01889°N 43.05671°E / 43.01889; 43.05671 (Janga)
• Tetnuldi, 4,858 m (15,938 ft), 43.03113°N 42.99319°E / 43.03113; 42.99319 (Tetnuld)
• Ushba, 4,710 m (15,450 ft), 43.12486°N 42.65901°E / 43.12486; 42.65901 (Ushba)
• Ailama, 4,525 m (14,846 ft), 42°57′29″N 43°10′43″E
• Mount Karakaya, 3,646 m (11,962 ft), 43°01′04″N 43°14′44″E, highest of the Skalisty Range, Caucasus

Passes

• Bogovatchosgele Pass 2,968 m (9,738 ft), 42.59°N 44.89°E / 42.59; 44.89 (Pereval Bogovatchosgele)
• Abano Pass 2,864 m (9,396 ft), 42.27°N 45.52°E / 42.27; 45.52 (Abano Pass)
• Mamison Pass 2,836 m (9,304 ft), 42.72°N 43.80°E / 42.72; 43.80 (Mamison Pass)
• Datvisjvari Pass 2,689 m (8,822 ft), 42.52°N 45.06°E / 42.52; 45.06 (Datvisjvari Pass)
• Marukhi Pass 2,748 m (9,016 ft),43.38°N 41.37°E / 43.38; 41.37 (Marukhis Ugheltekhili))
• Pereval Klukhorskiy 2,786 m (9,140 ft), 43.26°N 41.80°E / 43.26; 41.80 (Pereval Klukhorskiy)
• Jvari Pass 2,379 m (7,805 ft), 42.50°N 44.45°E / 42.50; 44.45 (Jvari Pass)
• Dübrar Pass 2,209 m (7,247 ft), 40.96°N 48.63°E / 40.96; 48.63 (Dübrar Pass)

See also

• Skalisty Range, Caucasus

References

Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as: KML

На других языках

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[de] Großer Kaukasus

Der Große Kaukasus (russisch Большой Кавказ/Bolschoi Kawkas, georgisch დიდი კავკასიონი/Didi Kawkasioni, tschetschenisch Йоккха Кавказ/Jokkcha Kawkas, aserbaidschanisch Böyük Qafqaz Dağları) ist die größte Gebirgskette im Kaukasus. Sein Kamm bildet die Grenze Russlands zu Georgien und Aserbaidschan.

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- [en] Greater Caucasus

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[es] Gran Cáucaso

El Gran Cáucaso (en en ruso, Большой, Кавказ; en en azerí, Böyük Qafqaz Dağları), también conocido como Cáucaso Mayor, Cáucaso Grande o Cáucaso Largo, es la mayor cordillera de las montañas del Cáucaso.

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[fr] Grand Caucase

Le Grand Caucase (en géorgien : დიდი კავკასიონი, en russe : Большой Кавказ, en azéri : Böyük Qafqaz Dağları) est une des deux chaînes de montagnes du Caucase. Il est séparé de l'autre chaîne, située plus au sud et appelée Petit Caucase, par la Transcaucasie.

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[it] Gran Caucaso

Il Gran Caucaso (o Caucaso maggiore, Caucaso grande o Caucaso Largo; in Russo: Большой Кавказ, in azero: Böyük Qafqaz Dağları) è il più grande sistema montuoso della Catena del Caucaso. Si estende in direzione ONO-ESE per una lunghezza di 1.200 km dalla penisola di Taman' nel Mar Nero alla penisola di Abşeron nel Mar Caspio; dal Caucaso occidentale - dichiarato patrimonio mondiale dell'umanità da parte dell'UNESCO - dai dintorni di Soči (Mar Nero costa nord-ovest), alla periferia di Baku (Mar Caspio).

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[ru] Большой Кавказ

Большо́й Кавка́з — горная система между Чёрным и Каспийским морями, вместе с Малым Кавказом составляет горную страну Кавказские горы.

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