geo.wikisort.org - Island

The North Island, also officially named Te Ika-a-Māui,[1] is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but much less populous South Island by the Cook Strait. The island's area is 113,729 square kilometres (43,911 sq mi),[2] making it the world's 14th-largest island. It has a population of 3,922,000 (June 2022),[3] accounting for approximately 77% of the total residents of New Zealand.[4]

North Island

Te Ika-a-Māui (Māori)
North Island
Geography
Location	Oceania
Coordinates	38°24′S 175°43′E
Archipelago	New Zealand
Area	113,729 km2 (43,911 sq mi)
Area rank	14th
Highest elevation	2,797 m (9177 ft)
Highest point	Mount Ruapehu
Administration
New Zealand
ISO 3166-2:NZ	NZ-N
Regions	9
Territorial authorities	43
Largest settlement	Auckland (pop. 1,440,300)
Demographics
Population	3,922,000 (June 2022)
Pop. density	34.5/km2 (89.4/sq mi)

Twelve main urban areas (half of them officially cities) are in the North Island. From north to south, they are Whangārei, Auckland, Hamilton, Tauranga, Rotorua, Gisborne, New Plymouth, Napier, Hastings, Whanganui, Palmerston North, and New Zealand's capital city Wellington, which is located at the south-west tip of the island.

Naming and usage

Although the island has been known as the North Island for many years,[5] in 2009 the New Zealand Geographic Board found that, along with the South Island, the North Island had no official name.[6] After a public consultation, the board officially named the island North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui in October 2013.[7]

In prose, the two main islands of New Zealand are called the North Island and the South Island, with the definite article.[8] It is also normal to use the preposition in rather than on, for example "Hamilton is in the North Island", "my mother lives in the North Island".[9] Maps, headings, tables, and adjectival expressions use North Island without "the".

Māori mythology

According to Māori mythology, the North and South Islands of New Zealand arose through the actions of the demigod Māui. Māui and his brothers were fishing from their canoe (the South Island) when he caught a great fish and pulled it right up from the sea. While he was not looking his brothers fought over the fish and chopped it up. This great fish became the North Island and thus a Māori name for the North Island is Te Ika-a-Māui ("The Fish of Māui").[10] The mountains and valleys are believed to have been formed as a result of Māui's brothers' hacking at the fish.

During Captain James Cook's voyage between 1769 and 1770, Tahitian navigator Tupaia accompanied the circumnavigation of New Zealand. The maps described the North Island as "Ea Heinom Auwe" and "Aeheinomowe", which recognises the "Fish of Māui" element. Despite this, revisionist historians and Ngai Tahu[11] argue that, until the early 20th Century, Aotearoa was an alternative Māori name for the North Island. In present usage, Aotearoa is a collective Māori name for New Zealand as a whole.[12]

Geography

During the Last Glacial Period when sea levels were over 100 metres lower than present day levels, the North and South islands were connected by a vast coastal plain which formed at the South Taranaki Bight.[13] During this period, most of the North Island was covered in thorn scrubland and forest, while the modern-day Northland Peninsula was a subtropical rainforest.[14] Sea levels began to rise 7,000 years ago, eventually separating the islands and linking the Cook Strait to the Tasman Sea.[13]

Bays and coastal features

• Bay of Islands
• Bay of Plenty
• Hauraki Gulf
• Firth of Thames
• Hawke Bay
• Ninety Mile Beach
• North Taranaki Bight
• South Taranaki Bight

Lakes and rivers

• Lake Taupō
• Waikato River
• Whanganui River

Capes and peninsulas

• Coromandel Peninsula
• Northland Peninsula
• Cape Palliser
• Cape Reinga
• East Cape
• North Cape

Forests and national parks

• Egmont National Park
• Tongariro National Park
• Waipoua Kauri Forest
• Whanganui National Park
• and many forest parks of New Zealand

Volcanology

• Auckland Volcanic Field
• Mount Ruapehu
• Mount Taranaki (Taranaki Maunga)
• Mount Tarawera
• Whakaari / White Island
• North Island Volcanic Plateau

Other

• Waitomo Caves
• Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu

Demographics

The North Island has an estimated population of 3,922,000 as of June 2022.[3]

Ever since the conclusion of the Otago Goldrush in the 1860s, New Zealand's European population growth has experienced a steady 'Northern drift' as population centres in the North Island have grown faster than those of New Zealand's South Island. This population trend has continued into the twenty-first century, but at a much slower rate. While the North Island population continues to grows faster than the South Island, this is solely due to the North Island having higher natural increase (i.e. births minus deaths) and international migration; since the late 1980s, the internal migration flow has been from the North Island to the South Island.[15] In the year to June 2020, the North Island gained 21,950 people from natural increase and 62,710 people from international migration, while losing 3,570 people from internal migration.[16]

Culture and identity

At the 2018 New Zealand census, 65.7% of North Islanders identified as of European ethnicity, 18.5% as Māori, 17.0% as Asian, 9.7% as Pacific Islanders, 1.6% as Middle Eastern/Latin American/African, and 1.2% as another ethnicity (mainly 'New Zealander'). Totals add to more than 100% since people may identify with multiple ethnicities.[17]

The proportion of North Islanders born overseas is 29.3%. The most common foreign countries of birth are England (15.4% of overseas-born residents), Mainland China (11.3%), India (10.1%), South Africa (5.9%), Australia (5.5%) and Samoa (5.3%).[18]

Cities and towns

The North Island has a larger population than the South Island, with the country's largest city, Auckland, and the capital, Wellington, accounting for nearly half of it.

There are 30 urban areas in the North Island with a population of 10,000 or more:

Name	Population (June 2022)[3]	% of island
Auckland	1,440,300	36.7%
Wellington	212,000	5.4%
Hamilton	179,900	4.6%
Tauranga	158,300	4.0%
Lower Hutt	111,500	2.8%
Palmerston North	81,200	2.1%
Napier	66,800	1.7%
Porirua	60,200	1.5%
Hibiscus Coast	60,000	1.5%
New Plymouth	58,500	1.5%
Rotorua	57,900	1.5%
Whangārei	54,900	1.4%
Hastings	50,400	1.3%
Upper Hutt	44,800	1.1%
Whanganui	42,600	1.1%
Gisborne	37,700	1.0%
Paraparaumu	30,400	0.8%
Pukekohe	27,000	0.7%
Taupō	26,100	0.7%
Masterton	22,400	0.6%
Cambridge	21,600	0.6%
Levin	19,050	0.5%
Feilding	17,800	0.5%
Whakatāne	16,700	0.4%
Havelock North	15,100	0.4%
Tokoroa	14,500	0.4%
Waikanae	13,700	0.3%
Te Awamutu	13,550	0.3%
Hāwera	10,400	0.3%
Te Puke	10,250	0.3%

Economy

The sub-national GDP of the North Island was estimated at US$102.863 billion in 2003, 79% of New Zealand's national GDP.[19]

Governance

Regions

Nine local government regions cover the North Island and its adjacent islands and territorial waters.

• Northland
• Auckland
• Waikato
• Bay of Plenty
• Gisborne
• Taranaki
• Manawatū-Whanganui
• Hawke's Bay Region
• Wellington Region

Healthcare

Healthcare in the North Island is provided by fifteen District Health Boards (DHBs). Organised around geographical areas of varying population sizes, they are not coterminous with the Local Government Regions.

District Health Board	District	Population
Northland District Health Board (Te Poari Hauora a Rohe o te Tai Tokerau)	Whangarei District, Far North District, Kaipara District	159,160
Waitematā District Health Board (Te Wai Awhina)	Auckland Region	525,000
Auckland District Health Board (Te Toka Tumai)		468,000
Counties Manukau District Health Board (A Community Partnership)		490,610
Waikato District Health Board (Waikato DHB)	Hamilton City, Hauraki District, Matamata-Piako District, Ōtorohanga District, part of Ruapehu District, South Waikato, Thames-Coromandel District, Waikato District, Waipa District, Waitomo District	372,865
Bay of Plenty District Health Board (Hauora a Toi)	Tauranga City, Western Bay of Plenty District, Whakatāne District, Kawerau District, Ōpōtiki District	214,170
Lakes District Health Board (Lakes DHB)	Rotorua Lakes, Taupō District	102,000
Tairāwhiti District Health Board (Te Mana Hauora o te Tairawhiti)	Gisborne District	44,499
Hawke's Bay District Health Board (Whakawateatia)	Napier City, Hastings District, Wairoa District, Central Hawke's Bay District, Chatham Islands	155,000
Taranaki District Health Board (Taranaki DHB)	New Plymouth District, Stratford District, South Taranaki District	104,280
Whanganui District Health Board (Whanganui DHB)	Whanganui District, Rangitikei District, part of Ruapehu District	62,210
Mid Central District Health Board (Te Pae Hauora o Ruahine o Tararua)	Palmerston North City, Horowhenua District, Manawatu District, Tararua District, part of Kapiti Coast District	158,838
Wairarapa District Health Board (Te Poari Hauora a Rohe o Wairarapa)	South Wairarapa District, Carterton District, Masterton District	38,200
Hutt Valley District Health Board (Healthy People)	Lower Hutt City, Upper Hutt City	145,000
Capital and Coast District Health Board (Upoko ki te Uru Hauora)	Wellington City, Porirua City, part of Kapiti Coast District	270,000

See also

• List of islands of New Zealand

References

External links

• Media related to North Island, New Zealand at Wikimedia Commons
• North Island travel guide from Wikivoyage

На других языках

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[de] Nordinsel (Neuseeland)

Die neuseeländische Nordinsel (englisch North Island, Māori Te Ika-a-Māui ) wird durch die 35 km breite Cookstraße von der Südinsel getrennt. Die Nordinsel bildet den Siedlungsschwerpunkt des Landes, auf ihr liegen die größte Stadt Auckland (1.320.700 Einwohner) und die Hauptstadt Wellington (448.956 Einwohner). Die Fläche beträgt 113.729 km².[1] Im Inselinneren gibt es mehrere aktive Vulkane und Geysire. Höchster Vulkan ist der Ruapehu mit einer Höhe von 2797 m.

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- [en] North Island

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[es] Isla Norte

La isla Norte (North Island en inglés, o Te Ika ā Maui, 'El Pez de Maui', en maorí)[1] es una de las dos islas principales de Nueva Zelanda, separada de la isla Sur por el estrecho de Cook. El área de la isla es de 113.729 km², lo que representa cerca del 42 % de la superficie total del país.

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[fr] Île du Nord

L'île du Nord (en anglais : North Island et en maori de Nouvelle-Zélande : Te Ika-a-Maui ce qui signifie « Le poisson de Maui »[1]) est une des deux principales îles de la Nouvelle-Zélande, l'autre étant l'île du Sud dont elle est séparée par le détroit de Cook. Plusieurs villes importantes sont situées sur cette île, notamment Auckland, la ville la plus peuplée du pays, et Wellington, la capitale. Environ 76 % de la population de la Nouvelle-Zélande, soit 3 148 400 habitants, réside sur l'île du Nord. On la connait également sous le nom d'île Fumante.

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[it] Isola del Nord

L'Isola del Nord (North Island in inglese, Te Ika-a-Māui in māori) è una delle due isole principali che costituiscono la Nuova Zelanda[1]. Con una superficie di 113 729 km²[2] essa è la quattordicesima isola più grande del mondo.

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[ru] Северный (остров, Новая Зеландия)

Северный остров (англ. North Island, маори Te Ika-a-Māui[1], в 1840-х годах также Новый Ольстер) — один из двух главных островов Новой Зеландии. Отделён проливом Кука от большего, но менее населённого Южного острова. Население составляет 3 760 900 человек (июнь 2019 года)[2]. Около 76 % населения Новой Зеландии проживает на Северном острове.

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