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Severny Island (Russian: Се́верный о́стров, romanized: Severnyy ostrov, lit. 'Northern Island') is a Russian Arctic island. It is the northern island of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. It was historically called Lütke Land after Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke, who explored it. It lies approximately 400 km north of the Russian mainland. It has an area of 48,904 square kilometres (18,882 sq mi), making it the 30th-largest island in the world.[1] It is part of Russian Arctic National Park.[2]

Severny
Native name:
Се́верный о́стров
Severny
Geography
LocationArkhangelsk Oblast, Russia
Coordinates75°30′N 60°00′E
ArchipelagoNovaya Zemlya
Area48,904 km2 (18,882 sq mi)
Area rank30th
Highest elevation1,547 m (5075 ft)
Highest pointMount Kruzenshtern
Administration
Russia
OblastArkhangelsk Oblast

Geography


Severny Island is separated from Yuzhny Island (Southern) by the narrow Matochkin Strait. Forty percent of the island is covered by the Severny Island ice cap, which is the largest glacier by area and by volume in Europe (if counted as part of it).[3] Severny Island is known for its numerous glaciers.[4] Cape Flissingsky is the easternmost point of Severny Island.


Climate


The climate for Severny Island is extremely cold, with even the warmest months not reaching the freezing mark. The climate is severe, and temperature varies from 3° to -8° F (-16° to -22° C) in winter to 36° to 44° F (2° to 7° C) in summer. There are frequent fogs and strong winds

Climate data for Severny Island
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) −2
(−19)		 −1
(−18)		 4
(−16)		 10
(−12)		 21
(−6)		 28
(−2)		 32
(0)		 31
(−1)		 27
(−3)		 17
(−8)		 8
(−13)		 1
(−17)		 15
(−10)
Average low °F (°C) −15
(−26)		 −14
(−26)		 −9
(−23)		 −3
(−19)		 13
(−11)		 23
(−5)		 28
(−2)		 26
(−3)		 21
(−6)		 9
(−13)		 −3
(−19)		 −11
(−24)		 5
(−15)
Source: Meteoblue.com "Averages for Severny Island", .

Ice cap and glaciers


Main article: Severny Island ice cap

Unlike Yuzhny Island, Severny has an inner ice cap with numerous glaciers, most of which have their terminus on the eastern or western shore of the island.[5]


History


The cape of Sukhoy Nos, located at the southern end of the island, was used for nuclear weapons testing between 1958 and 1961. The Tsar Bomba hydrogen bomb test on October 30, 1961 destroyed all buildings in the village of Severny (both wooden and brick).[6] The village was located 55 kilometres (34 miles) from ground zero within the Sukhoy Nos test range. Tsar Bomba was the most powerful nuclear weapon detonated and was the most powerful anthropogenic explosion in human history. It had a yield of 50 megatons of TNT, scaled down from its maximum 100 megaton design yield.[7] Severny is now the site of a Russian Army base and has a harbor.

There is a meteorological station at Cape Zhelaniya, Severny's northernmost cape.[8]




See also



References


  1. Romanenko, F.; Shilovtseva, O. (1995). Russian-Soviet polar stations and their role in the Arctic Seas exploration.
  2. "Territories - Russian Arctic National Park". Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  3. Zeeberg, J. J. "Climate and Glacial History of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago". Russian Arctic: 82–84.
  4. Staalesen, Atle. "Børge Ousland heads for Novaya Zemlya". BarentsObserver. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  5. J. J. Zeeberg, Climate and Glacial History of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russian Arctic.
  6. "Big Ivan, The Tsar Bomba ('King of Bombs')". nuclearweaponarchive.org. Nuclear Weapon Archive. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  7. Khalturin, Vitaly I.; Rautian, Tatyana G.; Richards, Paul G.; Leith, William S. (2005). "A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955–1990" (PDF). Science and Global Security. 1 (13): 1–42. doi:10.1080/08929880590961862. S2CID 122069080. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  8. Zeeberg, Jaap Jan; Floore, Pieter (2005). Into the Ice Sea: Barents' Wintering on Novaya Zemlya: A Renaissance Voyage of Discovery. Netherlands: JaapJan Zeeberg and Rijksmuseum. ISBN 9789051707878. Retrieved 24 September 2016.

На других языках

[de] Sewerny-Insel

Die Sewerny-Insel (russisch Северный остров / Sewerny ostrow, wiss. Transliteration Severnyj ostrov, übersetzt Nordinsel) ist die nördliche der beiden Hauptinseln der russischen Inselgruppe Nowaja Semlja im Nordpolarmeer.
- [en] Severny Island

[es] Isla Séverni

La isla Séverni (en ruso: о́стров Се́верный; Óstrov Séverny, que significa, «isla del Norte» o «isla Septentrional») es la gran isla septentrional del archipiélago de Nueva Zembla, localizado en el ártico de Rusia, entre las aguas del mar de Barents, al oeste, y las del mar de Kara, al este.

[fr] Île Severny

L'île Severny (en russe : остров Северный) est l'île du nord de l'archipel de Nouvelle-Zemble, au nord de la Russie et dans l'océan Arctique. Plus précisément, l'île se trouve en mer de Kara, la mer de Barents baignant sa côte occidentale. Elle a une superficie de 48 904 km2, ce qui en fait la deuxième plus grande île de la Russie, après Sakhaline et devant Ioujny ainsi que la 29e plus grande île de la planète. Sa taille est équivalente à celle de la République dominicaine.

[it] Isola Severnyj

L'isola Severnyj (in russo: Се́верный о́стров?, ossia "isola settentrionale") è la maggiore delle due principali isole che compongono l'arcipelago di Novaja Zemlja, a nord della Russia. Si estende su un'area di 48.904 km² tra il mare di Barents (a ovest) e il mare di Kara (a est), rendendola la 30ª isola più grande del mondo. È separata dall'isola Južnyj per mezzo dello stretto di Matočkin.

[ru] Северный (остров, Новая Земля)

Се́верный о́стров — северный остров архипелага Новая Земля.


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