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The Italian Peninsula (Italian: penisola italica or penisola italiana), also known as the Italic Peninsula or the Apennine Peninsula, is a peninsula extending from the southern Alps in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south. It is nicknamed lo Stivale (the Boot). Three smaller peninsulas contribute to this characteristic shape, namely Calabria (the "toe"), Salento (the "heel") and Gargano (the "spur"). The backbone of the Italian Peninsula consists of the Apennine Mountains, from which it takes one of its names. The peninsula comprises much of Italy, and also includes the microstates of San Marino and Vatican City.

"Lo Stivale" redirects here. For the Canadian newspaper, see Lo Stivale (newspaper).
For the Italian broader geographical region, see Italy (geographical region).

Satellite view of the peninsula in March 2003.
Satellite view of the peninsula in March 2003.

Characteristics



Minimum extent


Minimum extent of the Italian Peninsula in dark green and maximum extent in light green
Minimum extent of the Italian Peninsula in dark green and maximum extent in light green

In general discourse, "Italy" and "Italian peninsula" are often used as synonymous terms. However, the Po Valley may be excluded from the Italian peninsula. In this sense, the Italian peninsula includes only about 44% of Italy's total area. On the other hand, Sicily and other smaller islands off the peninsula may be geographically grouped along with it.

Geographically, the minimum extent of the Italian Peninsula consists of the land south of a line extending from the Magra to the Rubicon rivers, north of the Tuscan–Emilian Apennines. It excludes the Po Valley and the southern slopes of the Alps.[1][2] The Italian Peninsula has the only active volcano in mainland Europe, Mount Vesuvius.[3]

All of these territories lie within the Italian Republic except for the microstates of San Marino and Vatican City:

Country/
Territory		 Peninsular area Description
Population[4] km2 sq mi Share
 Italy 26,140,000 131,275 50,686 99.9531% Effectively the entire peninsula
 San Marino 31,887 61.2 23.6 0.0466% A central-eastern enclave of peninsular Italy
  Vatican City 829 0.44 0.17 0.0003% An enclave of Rome, Italy

Climate


European climate. The Köppen-Geiger climates map is presented by the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia and the Global Precipitation Climatology Center of the Deutscher Wetterdienst. We can see the natural borders of the mountain ranges of the Alps, Pyrenees, and Balkans.
European climate. The Köppen-Geiger climates map is presented by the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia and the Global Precipitation Climatology Center of the Deutscher Wetterdienst. We can see the natural borders of the mountain ranges of the Alps, Pyrenees, and Balkans.

The peninsula lies between the Tyrrhenian Sea on the west, the Ionian Sea on the south, and the Adriatic Sea on the east.

The peninsula has mainly a Mediterranean climate, though in the mountainous parts the climate is much cooler. Its natural vegetation includes macchia along the coasts and deciduous and mixed deciduous coniferous forests in the interior.


See also



References


  1. De Agostini Ed., L'Enciclopedia Geografica – Vol. I - Italia, 2004, p. 78.
  2. Touring Club Italiano, Conosci l'Italia – Vol. I: L'Italia fisica, 1957.
  3. "Mount Vesuvius, Italy: Map, Facts, Eruption Pictures, Pompeii".
  4. Population includes only the inhabitants of the Italian peninsula (excluding Northern Italy and Insular Italy (Sicily and Sardinia)).



На других языках

[de] Apenninhalbinsel

Die Apenninhalbinsel oder Apenninenhalbinsel (italienisch Penisola appenninica), im Deutschen seltener Italienische oder Italische Halbinsel (italienisch Penisola italiana oder italica) genannt, ist ein Teil Europas bzw. Südeuropas, der sich grob in südöstliche Richtung ins Mittelmeer vorschiebt. Die Halbinsel ist maximal rund 1000 Kilometer lang, maximal rund 240 Kilometer breit und gehört nahezu zur Gänze zum Staatsgebiet Italiens; lediglich sehr kleine Flächen werden von den Zwergstaaten San Marino und Vatikanstadt eingenommen. Auf drei Seiten ist sie von Teilmeeren des Mittelmeers umschlossen, nämlich vom Ligurischen, Tyrrhenischen, Ionischen und Adriatischen Meer.
- [en] Italian Peninsula

[es] Península itálica

La península itálica, italiana o apenina es una de las tres grandes penínsulas del sur de Europa, junto a la balcánica y la ibérica. Situada en el centro del Mediterráneo, entre los mares Tirreno y Adriático, limita al norte con los Alpes, al este el mar Adriático la separa de la península balcánica, al suroeste el mar Jónico la separa de la isla de Sicilia (en especial el estrecho de Mesina, de apenas 2,0 km) y al oeste las aguas del mar Tirreno y del mar de Liguria la separan de las islas de Córcega y Cerdeña.[1]

[ru] Апеннинский полуостров

Апенни́нский полуо́стров (итал. Penisola appenninica; также Penisola italiana — «Итальянский полуостров») — один из крупнейших полуостровов Европы, расположенный на юге данной части света и омываемый водами Средиземного моря.


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