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Kangchenjunga, also spelled Kanchenjunga and Khangchendzonga, is the third highest mountain in the world. Its summit lies at 8,586 m (28,169 ft) in a section of the Himalayas, the Kangchenjunga Himal, which is bounded in the west by the Tamur River, in the north by the Lhonak River and Jongsang La, and in the east by the Teesta River.[3][1] It lies in the border region between Nepal and Sikkim state of India, with three of the five peaks, namely Main, Central and South, directly on the border,[4] and the peaks West and Kangbachen in Nepal's Taplejung District.[5]

Kangchenjunga
Kangchenjunga from Pelling, Sikkim, India
Highest point
Elevation8,586 m (28,169 ft)[1]
Ranked 3rd
Prominence3,922 m (12,867 ft)[2]
Ranked 29th
Isolation124 km (77 mi) 
Listing
Coordinates27°42′09″N 88°08′48″E[2]
Geography
Kangchenjunga
Location of Kangchenjunga
Kangchenjunga
Kangchenjunga (Province No. 1)
Kangchenjunga
Kangchenjunga (India)
Kangchenjunga
Kangchenjunga (Nepal)
LocationTaplejung District, Nepal;
Sikkim, India[2]
Parent rangeHimalayas
Climbing
First ascent25 May 1955 by Joe Brown and George Band on British Kangchenjunga expedition
(First winter ascent 11 January 1986 by Jerzy Kukuczka and Krzysztof Wielicki)
Easiest routeglacier/snow/ice climb
Kangchenjunga and surrounding peaks at sunset from ISS, December 2019
Kangchenjunga and surrounding peaks at sunset from ISS, December 2019

Until 1852, Kangchenjunga was assumed to be the highest mountain in the world, but calculations and measurements by the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India in 1849 showed that Mount Everest, known as Peak XV at the time, is actually higher. After allowing for further verification of all calculations, it was officially announced in 1856 that Kangchenjunga was the third highest mountain.[6]

The Kangchenjunga is a sacred mountain in Sikkim and was first climbed on 25 May 1955 by Joe Brown and George Band, who were part of the 1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition. They stopped just short of the true summit, keeping a promise given to the Chogyal of Sikkim that the top of the mountain would remain inviolate.[7] The Indian side of the mountain is off-limits to climbers. In 2016, the adjoining Khangchendzonga National Park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


Etymology


Kangchenjunga is the official spelling adopted by Douglas Freshfield, Alexander Mitchell Kellas and the Royal Geographical Society that gives the best indication of the Tibetan pronunciation. Freshfield referred to the spelling used by the Indian Government since the late 19th century.[3] Alternative spellings include Kanchenjunga, Khangchendzonga and Kangchendzönga.[8][9][10]

The brothers Hermann, Adolf and Robert Schlagintweit explained the local name 'Kanchinjínga' meaning “The five treasures of the high snow” as originating from the Tibetan word "gangs" pronounced [kaŋ] meaning snow, ice; "chen" pronounced [tɕen] meaning great; "mzod" meaning treasure; "lnga" meaning five.[11] Local Lhopo people believe that the treasures are hidden but reveal themselves to the devout when the world is in peril; the treasures comprise salt, gold, turquoise and precious stones, sacred scriptures, invincible armor or ammunition, grain and medicine.[12]


Protected areas


The Kangchenjunga landscape is a complex of three distinct ecoregions: the eastern Himalayan broad-leaved and coniferous forests, the Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows and the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands.[13] The Kangchenjunga transboundary landscape is shared by Nepal, India, Bhutan and China, and comprises 14 protected areas with a total of 6,032 km2 (2,329 sq mi):[14]

These protected areas are habitats for many globally significant plant species such as rhododendrons and orchids and many endangered flagship species such as snow leopard (Panthera uncia), Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), red panda (Ailurus fulgens), white-bellied musk deer (Moschus leucogaster), blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus) and chestnut-breasted partridge (Arborophila mandellii).[14]


Geography


Panorama of the Kangchenjunga massif from Tiger Hill, Darjeeling

The Kangchenjunga Himal section of the Himalayas lies both in Nepal and India and encompasses 16 peaks over 7,000 m (23,000 ft). In the north, it is limited by the Lhonak Chu, Goma Chu, and Jongsang La, and in the east by the Teesta River. The western limit runs from the Jongsang La down the Gingsang and Kangchenjunga glaciers and the rivers of Ghunsa and Tamur.[1] Kanchenjunga rises about 20 km (12 mi) south of the general alignment of the Great Himalayan range about 125 km (78 mi) east-southeast of Mount Everest as the crow flies. South of the southern face of Kanchenjunga runs the 3,000–3,500 m (9,800–11,500 ft) high Singalila Ridge that separates Sikkim from Nepal and northern West Bengal.[15]

Kangchenjunga and its satellite peaks form a huge mountain massif.[16] The massif's five highest peaks are listed in the following table.

Name of peak Height (m) Height (ft) Location Prominence (m) Prominence (ft) Nearest Higher Neighbor Location (political)
Kangchenjunga Main[2] 8,586 28,169 27°42′11″N 88°08′52″E 3,922 12,867 Mount Everest – South Summit North Sikkim, Sikkim, India / Taplejung, Province No. 1, Nepal
Kangchenjunga West (Yalung Kang)[17] 8,505 27,904 27°42′18″N 88°08′12″E 135 443 Kangchenjunga Taplejung, Province No. 1, Nepal
Kangchenjunga Central[18] 8,482 27,828 27°41′46″N 88°09′04″E 32 105 Kangchenjunga South North Sikkim, Sikkim, India / Taplejung, Province No. 1, Nepal
Kangchenjunga South[19] 8,494 27,867 27°41′30″N 88°09′15″E 119 390 Kangchenjunga North Sikkim, Sikkim, India / Taplejung, Province No. 1, Nepal
Kangbachen[20] 7,903 25,928 27°42′42″N 88°06′30″E 103 337 Kangchenjunga West Taplejung, Province No. 1, Nepal
Kangchenjunga map by Garwood, 1903[3]
Kangchenjunga map by Garwood, 1903[3]
Southwest (Yalung) face of Kangchenjunga seen from Nepal
Southwest (Yalung) face of Kangchenjunga seen from Nepal

The main ridge of the massif runs from north-northeast to south-southwest and forms a watershed to several rivers.[16] Together with ridges running roughly from east to west they form a giant cross.[3] These ridges contain a host of peaks between 6,000 and 8,586 m (19,685 and 28,169 ft). The northern section includes Yalung Kang, Kangchenjunga Central and South, Kangbachen, Kirat Chuli, and Gimmigela Chuli, and runs up to the Jongsang La. The eastern ridge in Sikkim includes Siniolchu. The southern section runs along the Nepal-Sikkim border and includes Kabru I to III.[1] This ridge extends southwards to the Singalila Ridge.[21] The western ridge culminates in the Kumbhakarna, also known as Jannu.[1]

Four main glaciers radiate from the peak, pointing roughly to the northeast, southeast, northwest, and southwest. The Zemu glacier in the northeast and the Talung glacier in the southeast drain to the Teesta River; the Yalung glacier in the southwest and the Kangchen glacier in the northwest drain to the Arun and Kosi rivers.[22] The glaciers spread over the area above approximately 5,000 m (16,000 ft), and the glacialized area covers about 314 km2 (121 sq mi) in total.[23] There are 120 glaciers in the Kanchenjunga Himal, of which 17 are debris-covered. Between 1958 and 1992, more than half of 57 examined glaciers had retreated, possibly due to rising of air temperature.[24]

Kangchenjunga Main is the highest elevation of the Brahmaputra River basin, which forms part of the southeast Asian monsoon regime and is among the globally largest river basins.[25] Kangchenjunga is one of six peaks above 8,000 m (26,000 ft) located in the basin of the Koshi river, which is among the largest tributaries of the Ganges.[26] The Kangchenjunga massif forms also part of the Ganges Basin.[27]

Although it is the third highest peak in the world, Kangchenjunga is only ranked 29th by topographic prominence, a measure of a mountain's independent stature. The key col for Kangchenjunga lies at a height of 4,664 metres (15,302 ft), along the watershed boundary between Arun and Brahmaputra rivers in Tibet.[28] It is however, the 4th most prominent peak in the Himalaya, after Everest, and the western and eastern anchors of the Himalaya, Nanga Parbat, and Namcha Barwa, respectively.[29]


Climbing routes


Kanchenjunga-north from base camp in Nepal
Kanchenjunga-north from base camp in Nepal

There are four climbing routes to reach the summit of Kangchenjunga, three of which are in Nepal from the southwest, northwest, and northeast, and one from northeastern Sikkim in India. To date, the northeastern route from Sikkim has been successfully used only three times. The Indian government has banned expeditions to Kanchenjunga; therefore, this route has been closed since 2000.[30]


Climbing history


Painting of Kanchinjínga as seen from the Singalila Ridge by Hermann Schlagintweit, 1855[31]
Painting of Kanchinjínga as seen from the Singalila Ridge by Hermann Schlagintweit, 1855[31]
Sunset on Kangchenjunga, 1905[32]
Sunset on Kangchenjunga, 1905[32]
South face of Kangchenjunga seen from Goecha La, Sikkim at 4,940 m (16,210 ft)
South face of Kangchenjunga seen from Goecha La, Sikkim at 4,940 m (16,210 ft)
Kangchenjunga seen from Darjeeling War Memorial
Kangchenjunga seen from Darjeeling War Memorial

Early reconnaissances and attempts



First ascent


A sign board on the last traversable road to Kangchenjunga
A sign board on the last traversable road to Kangchenjunga
First ascent reunion of 1990– front (left to right): Neil Mather, John Angelo Jackson, Charles Evans and Joe Brown and rear (left to right): Tony Streather, Norman Hardie, George Band, and Professor John Clegg.
First ascent reunion of 1990– front (left to right): Neil Mather, John Angelo Jackson, Charles Evans and Joe Brown and rear (left to right): Tony Streather, Norman Hardie, George Band, and Professor John Clegg.

In 1955, Joe Brown and George Band made the first ascent on 25 May, followed by Norman Hardie and Tony Streather on 26 May. The full team also included John Clegg (team doctor), Charles Evans (team leader), John Angelo Jackson, Neil Mather, and Tom Mackinnon.[8] The ascent proved that Aleister Crowley's 1905 route (also investigated by the 1954 reconnaissance) was viable. The route starts on the Yalung Glacier to the southwest of the peak, and climbs the Yalung Face, which is 3,000 metres (10,000 ft) high. The main feature of this face is the "Great Shelf", a large sloping plateau at around 7,500 metres (24,600 ft), covered by a hanging glacier. The route is almost entirely on snow, glacier, and one icefall; the summit ridge itself can involve a small amount of travel on rock. The first ascent expedition made six camps above their base camp, two below the Shelf, two on it, and two above it. They started on 18 April, and everyone was back to base camp by 28 May.[41] Other members of this expedition included John Angelo Jackson and Tom Mackinnon.[42]


Other notable ascents


Kangchenjunga 3D animation

Despite improved climbing gear the fatality rate of climbers attempting to summit Kanchenjunga is high. Since the 1990s, more than 20% of people died while climbing Kanchenjunga's main peak.[59]


Tourism


Kanchenjunga from Tiger Hill at dawn
Kanchenjunga from Tiger Hill at dawn
Kanchenjunga as seen from Gangtok, Sikkim
Kanchenjunga as seen from Gangtok, Sikkim

Because of its remote location in Nepal and the difficulty involved in accessing it from India, the Kangchenjunga region is not much explored by trekkers. It has, therefore, retained much of its pristine beauty. In Sikkim too, trekking into the Kangchenjunga region has just recently been permitted. The Goecha La trek is gaining popularity amongst tourists. It goes to the Goecha La Pass, located right in front of the huge southeast face of Kangchenjunga. Another trek to Green Lake Basin has recently[when?] been opened for trekking. This trek goes to the Northeast side of Kangchenjunga along the famous Zemu Glacier. The film Singalila in the Himalaya is journey around Kangchenjunga.

Kangchenjunga sunrise from Jalpaiguri
Kangchenjunga sunrise from Jalpaiguri

In myth


Five Treasures of Snow
Five Treasures of Snow

The area around Kangchenjunga is said to be home to a mountain deity, called Dzö-nga[60] or "Kangchenjunga Demon", a type of yeti or rakshasa. A British geological expedition in 1925 spotted a bipedal creature which they asked the locals about, who referred to it as the "Kangchenjunga Demon".[61]

For generations, there have been legends recounted by the inhabitants of the areas surrounding Kanchenjunga, both in Sikkim and in Nepal, that there is a valley of immortality hidden on its slopes. These stories are well known to both the original inhabitants of the area, the Lepcha people, and Limbu people and those of the Tibetan Buddhist cultural tradition. In Tibetan, this valley is known as Beyul Demoshong. In 1962 a Tibetan Lama by the name of Tulshuk Lingpa led over 300 followers into the high snow slopes of Kanchenjunga to ‘open the way’ to Beyul Demoshong. The story of this expedition is recounted in the 2011 book A Step Away from Paradise.[62]

Kangchenjunga seen from Tetulia, Panchagarh, Northern Bangladesh.
Kangchenjunga seen from Tetulia, Panchagarh, Northern Bangladesh.

In literature


East face of Kangchenjunga, from near the Zemu Glacier, Sikkim
East face of Kangchenjunga, from near the Zemu Glacier, Sikkim

Further reading


View of Kangchenjunga as seen from Darjeeling
View of Kangchenjunga as seen from Darjeeling
North face of Kangchenjunga from Pang Pema, Nepal
North face of Kangchenjunga from Pang Pema, Nepal

The above Himalayan Journal references were all also reproduced in the "50th Anniversary of the First Ascent of Kangchenjunga" The Himalayan Club, Kolkata Section 2005.


See also



References


  1. Carter, H. A. (1985). "Classification of the Himalaya" (PDF). American Alpine Journal. 27 (59): 109–141.
  2. Jurgalski, E.; de Ferranti, J.; Maizlish, A. (2000–2005). "High Asia II – Himalaya of Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and adjoining region of Tibet". Peaklist.org. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  3. Freshfield, D. W. (1903). Round Kangchenjunga: a narrative of mountain travel and exploration. London: Edward Arnold.
  4. Gurung, H. & Shrestha, R. K. (1994). Nepal Himalaya Inventory. Kathmandu: Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation.
  5. Bhuju, U. R.; Shakya, P. R.; Basnet, T. B.; Shrestha, S. (2007). Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites (PDF). Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. ISBN 978-92-9115-033-5.
  6. Gillman, P. (1993). Everest: The Best Writing and Pictures from Seventy Years of Human Endeavour. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 208. ISBN 978-0316904896.
  7. Kapadia, H. (2001). Across Peaks and Passes in Darjeeling and Sikkim. New Delhi: Indus Publishing Company. ISBN 978-8173871269.
  8. Band, G. (1955). "Kanchenjunga Climbed". The Geographical Magazine. Vol. 28. pp. 422–438.
  9. Nirash, N. (1982). "The Lepchas of Sikkim" (PDF). Bulletin of Tibetology. 18 (2): 18–23.
  10. Denjongpa, A. B. (2002). "Kangchendzönga: Secular and Buddhist perceptions of the mountain deity of Sikkim among the Lhopos" (PDF). Bulletin of Tibetology. 38: 5–37.
  11. De Schlagintweit, H.; de Schlagintweit, A.; de Schlagintweit, R. (1863). "IV. Names explained". Results of a Scientific Mission to India and High Asia, undertaken between the years MDCCCLIV and MDCCCLVIII by order of the court of Directors of the Honourable East India Company. Volume III. London: Brockhaus, Leipzig and Trübner & Co. p. 207.
  12. Scheid, C. S. (2014). "Hidden land and changing landscape: Narratives about Mount Khangchendzonga among the Lepcha and the Lhopo". Journal of the Irish Society for the Academic Study of Religions. 1 (1): 66–89.
  13. Wikramanayake, E. D., ed. (2001). Ecoregion-based Conservation in the Eastern Himalaya: Identifying Important Areas for Biodiversity Conservation. Kathmandu: World Wildlife Fund and International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. ISBN 978-9993394006.
  14. Chettri, N.; Bajracharya, B. & Thapa, R. (2008). "Feasibility Assessment for Developing Conservation Corridors in the Kangchenjunga Landscape" (PDF). In Chettri, N.; Shakya, B. & Sharma, E. (eds.). Biodiversity Conservation in the Kangchenjunga Landscape. Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. pp. 21–30.
  15. Dhar, O. N.; Nandargi, Shobha (2000). "An appraisal of precipitation distribution around the Everest and Kanchenjunga peaks in the Himalayas". Weather. 55 (7): 223–234. Bibcode:2000Wthr...55..223D. doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.2000.tb04065.x. S2CID 121273656.
  16. Smythe, F. S. (1930). The Kangchenjunga adventure. Victor Gollancz Ltd., London
  17. Peakbagger.com (1987–2012). Yalung Kang
  18. Peakbagger.com (1987–2012). Kanchenjunga Central
  19. Peakbagger.com (1987–2012). Kanchenjunga South
  20. Peakbagger.com (1987–2012). Kangbachen
  21. Mason, K. (1932). The Recent Assaults on Kangchenjunga: Review. The Geographical Journal 80 (5): 439–445.
  22. Freshfield, D. W. (1902). The Glaciers of Kangchenjunga. The Geographical Journal 19: 453–475.
  23. Asahi, K. (1999). Data on inventoried glaciers and its distribution in eastern part of Nepal Himalaya. Data Report 2, Basic studies for assessing the impacts of the global warming on the Himalayan cryosphere, 1994–1998. Institute for Hydrospheric-Atmospheric Sciences, Nagoya University and Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, HMG/Nepal.
  24. Ashahi, K., Watanabe, T. (2000). Past and recent glacier fluctuations in Kanchenjunga Himal, Nepal. Journal of Nepal Geological Society (22): 481–490.
  25. Bajracharya, S. R., Palash, W., Shrestha, M. S., Khadgi, V. R., Duo, C., Das, P. J., & Dorji, C. (2015). Systematic Evaluation of Satellite-Based Rainfall Products over the Brahmaputra Basin for Hydrological Applications. Advances in Meteorology: 398687.
  26. Shijin, W., & Tao, Z. (2014). Spatial change detection of glacial lakes in the Koshi River Basin, the Central Himalayas. Environmental Earth Sciences 72(11): 4381–4391.
  27. Peakbagger.com (1987–2015). "Kangchenjunga, India/Nepal". Retrieved 11 May 2014.
  28. "Key Col for Kangchenjunga". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  29. "World Top 100 by Prominence". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  30. Harding, Luke (2000). "Climbers banned from sacred peak". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
  31. Schlagintweit, H. v. (1871). "Die Singhalila Kette zwischen Sikkim und Nepal". Reisen in Indien und Hochasien. Eine Darstellung der Landschaft, der Kultur und Sitten der Bewohner, in Verbindung mit klimatischen und geologischen Verhältnissen. Zweiter Band. Hermann Costenoble, Jena.
  32. Crowley, A.; Symonds, J.; Grant, K. (1989). The confessions of Aleister Crowley: an autobiography Chapter 52 Arkana, London
  33. Hooker, J. D. (1854). Himalayan journals; or, Notes of a naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas, the Khasia Mountains, &c. John Murray, London.
  34. Das, S. C. (1902). A Journey to Lhasa and central Tibet. E. P. Dutton & Company, New York, John Murray, London.
  35. Blaser, W. and G. Hughes (2009). Kabru 1883. A Reassessment. The Alpine Journal 114: 219–228.
  36. Ward, M. (2001). Early Exploration of Kangchenjunga and South Tibet by the pundits Rinzin Namgyal, Sarat Chandra Das and Lama Ugyen Gyatso. The Alpine Journal 106: 191–196.
  37. Maurice Isserman and Stewart Weaver, Fallen Giants: a history of Himalayan mountaineering from the age of empire to the age of extremes, Duke & Company, Devon, 2008. ISBN 978-0-300-11501-7, pages 61-63.
  38. Bauer, P. (1955). Kangchenjunga Challenge. William Kimber, London.
  39. Braham, T. H. (1955–1956). "Kangchenjunga Reconnaissance, 1954". The Himalayan Journal. 19. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014.
  40. Braham, T. H. (1996). Kangchenjunga: The 1954 Reconnaissance. The Alpine Journal 101: 33–35.
  41. Evans, C.; Band, G. (1956). "Kangchenjunga Climbed". The Geographical Journal. 122 (1): 1–12. doi:10.2307/1791469. JSTOR 1791469.
  42. Perrin, J. (2005). "Obituary: John Jackson. Key climber and trainer of British mountaineers". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
  43. Higuchi, H. (1975). "The First Ascent of Yalung Kang" (PDF). Alpine Journal: 17–27. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  44. Kumar, N. (1978). "Kangchenjunga from the East". American Alpine Journal. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  45. Wojciech Wróż: Święta góra Sikkimu. Warszawa: "Sport i Turystyka", 1982. ISBN 83-217-2377-2. (in Polish)
  46. Scott, D. K. (1980). "Kangchenjunga from the North". American Alpine Journal. 22 (53): 437–444.
  47. "by Explorersweb". AdventureStats. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
  48. Braham, Trevor (1996). "Forty Years after the First Ascent of Kangchenjunga" (PDF). The Alpine Journal: 57–58.
  49. "Ginette Harrison". Everest History.
  50. "List of Kangchenjunga ascents". 8000ers.com. 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
  51. Mysza (2009). Kinga Baranowska zdobyła Kangchenjungę Archived 11 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine. wspinanie.pl, 18 May 2009.
  52. "Tunç Fındık zirvede". Cnnturk. 2011.
  53. UIAA (2014). "Member spotlight: Freedom lies in the mountains for Turkish climber Tunc Findik". International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014.
  54. "Mountaineers' Association". MAK. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  55. "5 climbers feared dead on world's 3rd highest peak". NBC News. 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
  56. "Bulgarian Mountaineer Boyan Petrov Climbs Kangchenjunga Summit". Novinite. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  57. "Ace mountaineers from across the country hail Gayen's effort". 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  58. "Indian climber dies in Nepal-hiking official". Reuters. 2022.
  59. Hansen, L. (2012). "5 Mountains Deadlier Than Everest". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015.
  60. Anna Belikci Denjongpa, Kangchendzönga: Secular and Buddhist perceptions of the mountain deity of Sikkim among the Lhopos
  61. "The Abominable Snowman: Bear, Cat or Creature?". myfoxdfw.com. 2010. Archived from the original on 6 August 2010.
  62. Shor, Thomas (2017). A Step Away from Paradise. USA: City Lion Press. ISBN 9780999291894.



На других языках


[de] Kangchendzönga

Der Kangchendzönga (tibetisch .mw-parser-output .Tibt.uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin","Kailash","BabelStone Tibetan","Jomolhari","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Wangdi29","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .Tibt.ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}.mw-parser-output .Tibt{font-size:140%}གངས་ཆེན་མཛོད་ལྔ Wylie .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}gangs chen mdzod lnga་, Nepali .mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:120%}@media all and (min-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:calc(120% - ((100vw - 800px)/80))}}@media all and (min-width:1000px){.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:100%}}कञ्चनजङ्घा Kañcanjaṅghā, Hindi कंचनजंघा Kañcanjaṅghā, Aussprache in den letzten zwei Fällen Kantschandschanga, daher die englische Schreibweise Kangchenjunga; im deutschen Bergsteigerjargon oft Kantsch genannt) ist mit 8586 m der dritthöchste Berg der Erde und zugleich der am östlichsten gelegene Achttausender.
- [en] Kangchenjunga

[es] Kanchenjunga

Kanchenjunga (en nepalí: कञ्चनजङ्घा Kanchanjaŋghā; en limbu: सेवालुन्ग्मा Sewalungma, también escrito Kangchenjunga, Kangchen Dzö-nga, Khangchendzonga, Kanchenjanga, Kachendzonga, o Kangchanfanga) es la tercera montaña más alta del mundo, después del Everest y del K2, con una altitud de 8.586 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Es también la más alta de India y la segunda más alta del Nepal, situada en el distrito de Taplejung.

[fr] Kangchenjunga

Le Kangchenjunga (appelé aussi Kanchenjunga, Kangchen Dzö-nga, Kachendzonga, ou Kangchanfanga) est un sommet de l'Himalaya, sur la frontière indo-népalaise, à l'est du Népal, entre le district de Taplejung et l'État indien du Sikkim où il peut être vu notamment de la capitale Gangtok. Avec une altitude de 8 586 mètres, c'est le troisième plus haut sommet sur Terre, après l'Everest et le K2, et le point culminant de l'Inde. Jusqu'en 1852, il fut considéré comme le plus haut sommet du monde.

[it] Kangchenjunga

Il Kangchenjunga è la terza montagna più elevata della Terra con i suoi 8586 m s.l.m. Situata al confine fra il Nepal e lo Stato indiano del Sikkim, è la cima più alta dell'India, il più orientale degli ottomila dell'Himalaya e, dal 1838 al 1849, ritenuta la vetta più elevata del pianeta, fino a quando rilevamenti britannici appurarono che Everest e K2 erano più elevati.

[ru] Канченджанга

Канченджа́нга[2] (Канчинджунга; англ. Kangchenjunga; тиб. གངས་ཆེན་མཛོད་ལྔ, Вайли: Gangs chen mdzod lnga; непальск. कञ्चनजङ्घा (Kañcanjaṅghā); хинди कंचनजंघा (Kañcanjaṅghā); лимбу सेवालुन्ग्मा (Sewalungma)) — горный массив в Гималаях. Главная вершина массива — Канченджанга Главная (8586 м) — третий по высоте восьмитысячник мира.



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