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Nanga Parbat (Urdu: نَنگا پربت) (Urdu: [nəŋɡa pərbət̪]; lit.'naked mountain'), known locally as Diamer (دیامر) which means “king of the mountains”, is the ninth-highest mountain on Earth, its summit at 8,126 m (26,660 ft) above sea level.[2] Lying immediately southeast of the northernmost bend of the Indus River in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan-administered Kashmir, Nanga Parbat is the westernmost major peak of the Himalayas, and thus in the traditional view of the Himalayas as bounded by the Indus and Yarlung Tsangpo/Brahmaputra rivers, it is the western anchor of the entire mountain range.[3]

Nanga Parbat
Nanga Parbat, view from Fairy Meadows
Highest point
Elevation8,126 m (26,660 ft)Ranked 9th
Prominence4,608 m (15,118 ft)Ranked 14th
Isolation189 km (117 mi) 
Listing
Coordinates35°14′15″N 74°35′21″E
Naming
Native nameننگا پربت (Urdu)
Geography
Nanga Parbat
Location of Nanga Parbat
Nanga Parbat
Nanga Parbat (Pakistan)
LocationGilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan [1]
Parent rangeHimalayas
Climbing
First ascent3 July 1953 by Hermann Buhl on 1953 German–Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition
First winter ascent: 16 February 2016 by Simone Moro, Alex Txicon and Ali Sadpara
Easiest routeWestern Diamer District

Nanga Parbat is one of the 14 eight-thousanders.[4] An immense, dramatic peak rising far above its surrounding terrain, Nanga Parbat is known to be a difficult climb, and has earned the nickname Killer Mountain for its high number of climber fatalities.


Etymology


The name Nanga Parbat is derived from the Sanskrit words nagna and parvata, which, when combined, translate to "Naked Mountain".[5][6][7] The mountain is known locally by its Tibetan name Diamer or Deo Mir, meaning "huge mountain".[8]


Location


Nanga Parbat forms the western anchor of the Himalayan Range and is the westernmost eight-thousander. It lies just south of the Indus River in the Diamer District of Gilgit–Baltistan in Pakistani-administered Kashmir. In some places, it flows more than 7 kilometres (4+12 miles) below the high-point of the massif. To the north is the western end of the Karakoram range.


Notable features


Rakhiot glacier is located on part of the mountain
Rakhiot glacier is located on part of the mountain

Nanga Parbat has tremendous vertical relief over local terrain in all directions.[9]

To the south, Nanga Parbat has what is often referred to as the highest mountain face in the world: the Rupal Face rises 4,600 m (15,090 ft) above its base.[10] To the north, the complex, somewhat more gently sloped Rakhiot Flank rises 7,000 m (23,000 ft) from the Indus River valley to the summit in just 25 km (16 mi), one of the ten greatest elevation gains in such a short distance on Earth.[citation needed]

Nanga Parbat is one of only two peaks on Earth that rank in the top twenty of both the highest mountains in the world, and the most prominent peaks in the world, ranking ninth and fourteenth respectively. The other mountain is the famous Mount Everest, which ranks first on both lists. Nanga Parbat is also the second most prominent peak of the Himalayas, after Mount Everest. The key col for Nanga Parbat is Zoji La in Kashmir Valley, which connects it to higher peaks in the remaining Himalaya-Karakoram range.[11]

On the Tibetan Plateau Nanga Parbat is the westernmost peak of the Himalayas whereas Namcha Barwa marks the east end.


Layout of the mountain


Nanga Parbat Rakhiot Face from Fairy Meadows
Nanga Parbat Rakhiot Face from Fairy Meadows
Nanga Parbat & river
Nanga Parbat & river

The core of Nanga Parbat is a long ridge trending southwest to northeast. The ridge is composed of an enormous bulk of ice and rock. It has three faces: the Diamir, Rakhiot, and Rupal faces. The southwestern portion of this main ridge is known as the Mazeno Wall, and has a number of subsidiary peaks. In the other direction, the main ridge arcs northeast at Rakhiot Peak (7,070 m or 23,200 ft). The south/southeast side of the mountain is dominated by the Rupal Face. The north/northwest side of the mountain, leading to the Indus, is more complex. It is split into the Diamir (west) face and the Rakhiot (north) face by a long ridge. There are a number of subsidiary summits, including North Peak (7,816 m or 25,643 ft) some three kilometres (2 mi) north of the main summit. Near the base of the Rupal Face is a glacial lake called Latbo, above a seasonal shepherds' village of the same name.


Climbing history



Early attempts


As a result of its accessibility, attempts to reach the summit of Nanga Parbat began very soon after it was discovered by Europeans.[10] In 1895, Albert F. Mummery led an expedition to the peak, accompanied by Geoffrey Hastings, and reached almost 6,100 m (20,000 ft) on the Diamir (West) Face,[12] but Mummery and two Gurkha companions later died reconnoitering the Rakhiot Face.

In the 1930s, Nanga Parbat became the focus of German interest in the Himalayas. The German mountaineers were unable to attempt Mount Everest, since only the British had access to Tibet. Initially German efforts focused on Kanchenjunga, to which Paul Bauer led two expeditions in 1930 and 1931, but with its long ridges and steep faces Kanchenjunga was more difficult than Everest and neither expedition made much progress. K2 was known to be harder still, and its remoteness meant that even reaching its base would be a major undertaking. Nanga Parbat was therefore the highest mountain accessible to Germans and was also deemed reasonably possible by climbers at the time.[13]

The first German expedition to Nanga Parbat was led by Willy Merkl in 1932. It is sometimes referred to as a German-American expedition, as the eight climbers included Rand Herron, an American, and Fritz Wiessner, who would become an American citizen the following year. While the team were all strong climbers, none had Himalayan experience, and poor planning (particularly an inadequate number of porters), coupled with bad weather, prevented the team from progressing far beyond the Rakhiot Peak northeast of the Nanga Parbat summit, reached by Peter Aschenbrenner and Herbert Kunigk, but they did establish the feasibility of a route via Rakhiot Peak and the main ridge.[14]

Merkl led another expedition in 1934, which was better prepared and financed with full support from the new Nazi government. Early in the expedition Alfred Drexel died, likely due to high altitude pulmonary edema.[15] The Tyrolean climbers, Peter Aschenbrenner and Erwin Schneider, reached an estimated height of 7,900 m (25,900 ft) on July 6, but were forced to return because of worsening weather. On July 7, they and 14 others were trapped by a storm at 7,480 m (24,540 ft). During the desperate retreat that followed, three famous German mountaineers, Uli Wieland, Willo Welzenbach and Merkl himself, as well as six Sherpas died of exhaustion, exposure and altitude sickness, and several others suffered severe frostbite. The last survivor to reach safety, Ang Tsering, did so having spent seven days battling through the storm.[16] It has been said that the disaster, "for sheer protracted agony, has no parallel in climbing annals."[17]

In 1937, Karl Wien led another expedition to the mountain, following the same route as Merkl's expeditions had done. Progress was made, but more slowly than before due to heavy snowfall. About 14 June, seven Germans and nine Sherpas, almost the entire team, were at Camp IV below Rakhiot Peak when it was overrun by an avalanche. All sixteen men died.[18] The search team found that the tents had been buried by ice and snow rather than swept away. One of the victim's diaries read "our situation here is not quite safe from avalanches".[19]

The Germans returned in 1938 led by Paul Bauer, but the expedition was plagued by bad weather, and Bauer, mindful of the previous disasters, ordered the party down before the Silver Saddle, halfway between Rakhiot Peak and Nanga Parbat summit, was reached.[20]


Aufschnaiter expedition


Heinrich Harrer, an expert alpinist, was a member of the SS Alpine unit. The unit practised on Eiger mountain in Switzerland in 1938. When the group returned to Germany, Adolf Hitler met with them.[21]

In May 1939, Harrer was selected by the German Himalayan Foundation to take part in a new expedition to Nanga Parbat,[22] under the leadership of Peter Aufschnaiter. Their goal was to scout new ways to ascend the north-western face.[23][24][25] They explored the Diamir Face with the aim of finding an easier route. They concluded that the face was a viable route, but the Second World War intervened and the four men were interned by the British in Dehradun, India.[26] Harrer's escape and subsequent wanderings across the Tibetan Plateau became the subject of his book Seven Years in Tibet. Some evidence of this expedition is kept in the National Archives of Washington, D.C.


First ascent


Nanga Parbat Rupal Base camp, Gilgit Baltistan
Nanga Parbat Rupal Base camp, Gilgit Baltistan
Southwest aspect of the Rupal Face
Southwest aspect of the Rupal Face
At 4,100 m (13,450 ft), near the Rakhiot Base Camp
At 4,100 m (13,450 ft), near the Rakhiot Base Camp
View from Latbo village. For a sense of scale, notice a four-man yellow tent, dwarfed by the peak, near the bottom right. Just above the tent is a large white building.
View from Latbo village. For a sense of scale, notice a four-man yellow tent, dwarfed by the peak, near the bottom right. Just above the tent is a large white building.

Nanga Parbat was first climbed, via the Rakhiot Flank (East Ridge), on July 3, 1953, by Austrian climber Hermann Buhl on the German–Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition,[27] a member of a German-Austrian team. The expedition was organized by the half-brother of Willy Merkl, Karl Herrligkoffer from Munich, while the expedition leader was Peter Aschenbrenner from Kufstein, who had participated in the 1932 and 1934 attempts. By the time of this expedition, 31 people had already died on the mountain.[28]

The final push for the summit was dramatic: Buhl continued alone for the final 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), after his companions had turned back. Under the influence of the drug pervitin (based on the stimulant methamphetamine used by soldiers during World War II), padutin, and tea from coca leaves, he reached the summit dangerously late, at 7:00 p.m., the climbing harder and more time-consuming than he had anticipated. His descent was slowed when he lost a crampon. Caught by darkness, he was forced to bivouac standing upright on a narrow ledge, holding a small handhold with one hand. Exhausted, he dozed occasionally, but managed to maintain his balance. He was also very fortunate to have a calm night, so he was not subjected to wind chill. He finally reached his high camp at 7:00 p.m. the next day, 40 hours after setting out.[29] The ascent was made without oxygen, and Buhl is the only man to have made the first ascent of an 8,000-metre (26,000 ft) peak alone.

The 1953 documentary film Nanga Parbat 1953 was filmed and directed by Hans Ertl, who participated in the expedition. Buhl's climb was also later dramatized by Canadian film director Donald Shebib in the 1986 film The Climb.[30]


Subsequent attempts and ascents


The second ascent of Nanga Parbat was via the Diamir Face, in 1962, by Germans Toni Kinshofer, Siegfried Löw, and A. Mannhardt. This route has become the "standard route" on the mountain. The Kinshofer route does not ascend the middle of the Diamir Face, which is threatened by avalanches from large hanging glaciers. Instead it climbs a buttress on the left side of the Diamir Face. In 1970, brothers Günther and Reinhold Messner made the third ascent of the mountain and the first ascent of the Rupal Face. They were unable to descend by their original route, and instead descended by the Diamir Face, making the first traverse of the mountain. Günther was killed in an avalanche on the Diamir Face, where his remains were found in 2005.

In 1971, Slovak mountaineers Ivan Fiala and Michal Orolin summited Nanga Parbat via Buhl's 1953 route while other expedition members climbed the southeast peak (7,600 m or 24,900 ft) above the Silbersattel and the foresummit (7,850 m or 25,750 ft) above the Bazhin Gap. In 1976 a team of four made the sixth summit via a new route on the Rupal Face (second ascent on this face), then named the Schell route after the Austrian team leader. The line had been plotted by Karl Herrligkoffer on a previous unsuccessful attempt. In 1978, Reinhold Messner returned to the Diamir Face and achieved the first completely solo ascent of an 8,000-metre (26,000 ft) peak.

In 1984, the French climber Lilliane Barrard became the first woman to climb Nanga Parbat, along with her husband Maurice Barrard. In 1985, Jerzy Kukuczka, Zygmunt Heinrich, Slawomir Lobodzinski (all Polish), and Carlos Carsolio (Mexico) climbed up the Southeast Pillar (or Polish Spur) on the right-hand side of the Rupal Face, reaching the summit July 13. It was Kukuczka's ninth 8,000-metre (26,000 ft) summit.[31] Also in 1985, a Polish women's team climbed the peak via the 1962 German Diamir Face route. Wanda Rutkiewicz, Krystyna Palmowska, and Anna Czerwinska reached the summit on July 15.[31]

"Modern" superalpinism was brought to Nanga Parbat in 1988 with an unsuccessful attempt or two on the Rupal Face by Barry Blanchard, Mark Twight, Ward Robinson, and Kevin Doyle.[32] 2005 saw a resurgence of lightweight, alpine-style attempts on the Rupal Face:


Winter climbing


Nanga Parbat was first successfully climbed in winter on February 26, 2016, by a team consisting of Ali Sadpara, Alex Txikon, and Simone Moro.[41][42]

The second winter ascent was made by the Polish climber Tomasz Mackiewicz and Frenchwoman Élisabeth Revol on January 25, 2018.

Previous attempts:


Taliban attack


On June 23, 2013, about 15 extremist militants wearing Gilgit Scouts uniforms shot and killed ten foreign climbers (one Lithuanian, three Ukrainians, two Slovaks, two Chinese, one Chinese-American, and one Nepali)[53] and one Pakistani guide at Base Camp. Another foreign victim was injured. The attack occurred at around 1 am and was claimed by a local branch of the Taliban. (Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan).[54][55]


Appearances in literature and film


In the first chapter of Mistress of Mistresses, by E.R. Eddison, the narrator compares his now deceased compatriot, Lessingham, to Nanga Parbat in a descriptive passage:

"I remember, years later, his describing to me the effect of the sudden view you get of Nanga Parbat from one of those Kashmir valleys; you have been riding for hours among quiet richly wooded scenery, winding up along the side of some kind of gorge, with nothing very big to look at, just lush, leafy, pussy-cat country of steep hillsides and waterfalls; then suddenly you come round a corner where the view opens up the valley, and you are almost struck senseless by the blinding splendour of that vast face of ice-hung precipices and soaring ridges, sixteen thousand feet from top to toe, filling a whole quarter of the heavens at a distance of, I suppose, only a dozen miles. And now, whenever I call to mind my first sight of Lessingham in that little daleside church so many years ago, I think of Nanga Parbat." (Mistress of Mistresses, 1935, p.2-3)

Jonathan Neale wrote a book about the 1934 climbing season on Nanga Parbat called Tigers of the Snow. He interviewed many old Sherpas, including Ang Tsering, the last man off Nanga Parbat alive in 1934. The book attempts to narrate what went wrong on the expedition, set against mountaineering history of the early twentieth century, the background of German politics in the 1930s, and the hardship and passion of life in the Sherpa valleys.[56]

Nanda Parbat, a fictional city in the DC Universe, is named after the mountain.

In film, the 1953 documentary film Nanga Parbat 1953 was filmed and directed by cinematographer Hans Ertl, who participated in the expedition and climbed to camp 5 (6500m). Nanga Parbat is a movie by Joseph Vilsmaier about the 1970 expedition of brothers Günther Messner and Reinhold Messner.[57] Donald Shebib's 1986 film The Climb covers the story of Hermann Buhl making the first ascent.[58] Jean-Jacques Annaud's 1997 film Seven Years in Tibet opens with Heinrich Harrer's obsession to climb Nanga Parbat at the beginning of World War II.

A song Brothers on Diamir by Austrian band Edenbridge is based on the Messner brothers' ascent of Nanga Parbat.


Nearby peaks



See also



References


  1. "Nanga Parbat". Britannica. Retrieved 2015-04-12.
  2. "Nanga Parbat". Britannica. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  3. Bernstein, Jeremy (1978). Mountain passages. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803209831. nanga parbat western anchor.
  4. "Nanga Parbat | mountain, Jammu and Kashmir". Retrieved 2015-06-13.
  5. Höbusch, Harald (2016). "Mountain of Destiny": Nanga Parbat and Its Path Into the German Imagination. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 9781571139580.
  6. Hoiberg, Dale; Ramchandani, Indu (2000). Students' Britannica India: M to S (Miraj to Shastri). Encyclopaedia Britannica (India). nagna parvata.
  7. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2003, p. 501, ISBN 978-0-85229-961-6
  8. The Pamirs and the Source of the Oxus. (1896) George Nathaniel Curzon. Royal Geographical Society, London, p. 16.
  9. World Top 25 by Reduced Spire Measure
  10. Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). Natural Wonders of the World. US: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 261. ISBN 0-89577-087-3.
  11. "Zoji La". Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  12. "Nanga Parbat: 9th Highest Mountain in the World". climbing.about.com. Retrieved 2015-04-09.
  13. Neale, pp. 63–64
  14. Mason, pp. 226–228
  15. Neale, pp. 123-130
  16. Mason pp. 230-233
  17. Simpson, pp. 196–197
  18. Neale, pp. 212-213
  19. "The Nanga Parbat Disaster, 1937". Canadian Alpine Journal. Alpine Club of Canada. XXV (1937): 139. June 1938. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
  20. Mason pp. 236-237
  21. This SS unit also climbed Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus and raised a Swastika flag on the summit in 1942 during the Eastern Front Campaign. It has been suggested that Heinrich Himmler ordered the Elbrus expedition because it was sacred to the Aryan Gods in ancient Persian cults.
  22. See the July 1955 edition of National Geographic: "We left our native Austria in 1939 as members of the German Nanga Parbat Expedition".
  23. Mancoff, Debra N. (2010). 50 American Artists You Should Know. ISBN 9783791344119.
  24. Sterling, Mary Ellen (1998). The Fifties,p74-p77. ISBN 9781576900277.
  25. Heinrich Harrer, Seven years in Tibet, translated from the German by Richard Graves; with an introduction by Peter Fleming; foreword by the Dalai Lama, E. P. Dutton, 1954, ISBN 0-87477-888-3.
  26. Mason pp. 238-239
  27. nangaroutesnew.pdf, Eberhard Jurgalski (rosemon), last updated 17 June 2010, retrieved from http://www.8000ers.com/cms/en/nanga-parbat-general-info-197.html 22 July 2011.
  28. This includes two British climbers who disappeared low on the mountain in December 1950. They were studying conditions on the Rakhiot glacier, not attempting the summit. See Mason p. 306.
  29. Sale & Cleare, pp. 72–73
  30. Rick Groen, "Canadian director stumbles and can't make The Climb". The Globe and Mail, October 16, 1987.
  31. "Basecamp", Climbing Magazine (93): 22, December 1995, ISSN 0045-7159
  32. Twight, Mark (2001). Kiss or kill: confessions of a serial climber. Seattle: The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 0-89886-887-4.
  33. "Climber rescued from major peak". BBC News. 10 August 2005. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
  34. Alpinist 15 on the Anderson/House ascent
  35. "NANGA PARBAT 2006". www.nangaparbat2006.explorart.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  36. "Beyond the Summit". masalladelacumbre.com. 24 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  37. "Italian climbers rescued from Pakistan's Killer Mountain, Nanga Parbat". The Guardian. 25 July 2008. Retrieved 2012-07-21.
  38. "Korean Alpinist Go Mi-sun Dies After Fall on Nanga Parbat". himalman.wordpress.com. 13 July 2009. Retrieved 2012-07-21.
  39. "Coming down Nanga Parbat as hard as going up". dawn.com. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-21.
  40. "Aberdeen and Newtonmore climbers win Piolet d'Or". BBC News. 22 April 2013. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
  41. Szczepanski, Dominik. "Nanga Parbat zdobyta w zimie po raz pierwszy!". Sport.pl.
  42. "Alpinismo, impresa su Nanga Parbat". 2016-02-26.
  43. "Home". Steepboard – Nanga Parbat. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  44. "Winter Nanga Parbat – Body of Joel Wischnewski Has Been Recovered". altitudepakistan.blogspot.com. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  45. "Everest K2 News ExplorersWeb – Winter 2014: Climbers at 7000m on Nanga Parbat". www.explorersweb.com. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  46. Revol, Elisabeth. "Nanga Parbat in winter... – Himalaya Light". over-blog.com. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  47. "Winter 2015 – Russians Wrap Up their Expedition, Progress on Diamir Side". altitudepakistan.blogspot.fr. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  48. "Winter 2016 – It's Over for Nanga Light Team; Tomek and Elisabeth Back in BC". altitudepakistan.blogspot.fr. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  49. "Nanga Parbat. Bielecki i Czech w drodze do domu, Mackiewicz atakuje szczyt".
  50. "The Killer Mountain May Kill Again". dreamwanderlust.com. 31 January 2018.
  51. "Defining Courage & Resilience, Nanga Parbat - The Tourist". The Tourist. 2018-01-28. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  52. Otte, Jedidajah (2018-03-02). "Bad weather delays search for missing climber Tom Ballard". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  53. Khan, Zarar; Abbot, Sebastian. "Militants kill 9 foreign tourists, 1 Pakistani". Yahoo News. AP. Retrieved 24 June 2013. The foreigners who were killed included five Ukrainians, three Chinese and one Russian, said Pakistani Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan.
  54. "Pakistan Gunmen Kill 11 Foreign Mountain Climbers Preparing Nanga Parbat Ascent". The Huffington Post. 23 June 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-23.
  55. "Massacre at Nanga Parbat Diamir BC – Terrorists Kill 10". Altitude Pakistan. 23 June 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-23.
  56. "Tigers of the Snow". Macmillan Publishers. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  57. Official film website
  58. "The Climb (1986)". IMDB. Retrieved 14 April 2017.

Sources



Further reading





На других языках


[de] Nanga Parbat

Der Nanga Parbat, auch als Diamir bekannt, ist ein Achttausender im Westhimalaya und mit 8125 m Höhe der neunthöchste Berg der Erde. Er liegt in Gilgit-Baltistan, dem früher als Northern Areas bezeichneten pakistanischen Teil der umstrittenen Region Kaschmir. Der Nanga Parbat ging als „Schicksalsberg der Deutschen“ in die Geschichte ein. Durch die Plattenkollision zwischen der eurasischen und der indischen Kontinentalplatte wächst er 7 mm pro Jahr und ist somit der am schnellsten wachsende Berg der Welt.[1]
- [en] Nanga Parbat

[es] Nanga Parbat

El Nanga Parbat (literalmente, Montaña Desnuda ; Hindi: नंगा पर्बत ; Urdu: ننگا پربت) es la novena montaña más alta del mundo con 8125 m. s. n. m. y la segunda más alta de Pakistán; está situada en la cordillera del Karakórum. Su nombre se deriva del hecho de que es una montaña muy aislada y separada del resto, por lo que la zona superior con nieves perpetuas destaca notablemente en el paisaje circundante.

[fr] Nanga Parbat

Le Nanga Parbat est le neuvième plus haut sommet du monde (8 125 mètres), dans la chaîne de l'Himalaya. Plus haute montagne entièrement au Pakistan, il est le huit mille le plus occidental. Nanga Parbat signifie « montagne nue ». Il est aussi appelé Diamir (signifiant « Roi des montagnes »).

[it] Nanga Parbat

Il Nanga Parbat (in urdu: نانگا پربت, montagna nuda), conosciuto anche come Diamir (in sanscrito montagna degli dei) è un massiccio montuoso del Kashmir, in Pakistan, la cui vetta più elevata raggiunge gli 8126 metri s.l.m., rappresentando la nona montagna più alta della Terra: pur essendo molto più vicino agli ottomila del Karakorum di quanto lo sia rispetto a quelli dell'Himalaya propriamente detto, non ne fa parte per il fatto di trovarsi sul lato sud della valle dell'Indo, ed è perciò considerato l'unico ottomila del Kashmir.

[ru] Нангапарбат

На́нгапа́рбат[2][3], Нанга-Парбат[4] (урду نانگا پربت — «Голая гора», англ. Nanga Parbat[1][5], санскр. Диамир — «Гора богов»[6]) (8125 м) — девятый по высоте восьмитысячник мира, один из трёх самых опасных для восхождения восьмитысячников по статистике несчастных случаев.



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