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Mount Tsukuba (筑波山, Tsukuba-san) is an 877 m (2,877 ft) mountain located at the northern-end of Tsukuba, Japan. It is one of the most famous mountains in Japan, particularly well known for its double peaks, Nyotai-san (女体山, lit. "female body") 877 m (2,877 ft) and Nantai-san (男体山, lit. "male body") 871 m (2,858 ft). Many people climb the so-called "purple mountain" every year for the panoramic view of the Kantō plain from the summit. On clear days the Tōkyō skyline, Lake Kasumigaura and even Mount Fuji are visible from the summit. Japanese mountains are mostly volcanic, but Mount Tsukuba is non-volcanic granite and gabbro in origin. Renowned beautiful granites are produced in the northern quarries even today.

Mount Tsukuba
筑波山
Seem from the WSW. Taken from Chikusei city
Highest point
Elevation	877 m (2,877 ft)
Listing	100 famous mountains in Japan
Coordinates	36°13.31′N 140°06.24′E
Geography
Mount Tsukuba Location of Mount Tsukuba in Japan.
Location	Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Parent range	Yamizo Mountains
Geology
Mountain type	granite, gabbro

Etymology

The Fudoki of Hitachi Province (常陸国風土記, Hitachi no kuni Fudoki), a national geography completed in 721 AD, says Mount Tsukuba was named after a noble called Tsukuha no Mikoto (筑箪命).[1] According to this account, the area around Mount Tsukuba was once called Ki no kuni (紀国). Under the reign of Mimaki no Sumeramikoto (美麻貴天皇) (Emperor Sujin), Tsukuha no Mikoto from the Uneme clan (采女氏) was appointed as its governor. He had a strong desire to leave his name in history, so he renamed the area "Tsukuha", which is now pronounced Tsukuba.[1]

History

As legend has it, thousands of years ago, a deity descended from the heavens and asked two mountains for a place to spend the night. With its great summit and almost perfect cone, Mt. Fuji refused, believing with pride and arrogance that it does not need the deity's blessings. Mt. Tsukuba, on the other hand, humbly welcomed the honored guest, even offering food and water. Today, Mt. Fuji is a cold, lonely, and barren mountain, while Mt. Tsukuba bursts with vegetation and is filled with colors as the seasons change.

Ancient chronicles say that the sacred progenitors of the Japanese race are enshrined here, the male divinity, Izanagi-no-Mikoto, at Mt. Nantai, and the female divinity, Izanami-no-Mikoto, at Mt. Nyotai. Legends say that the two deities wed and gave birth to other deities, and even to Japan herself.

In antiquity Mt. Nyotai served as location for kagai − harvest festivals associated with fertility − allowing people to participate in the mountains' marriage and promoting marriage between people. A poem by Takahashi no Mushimaro in the anthology Man'yōshū implies that these festivals also permitted adultery:[2]

「鷲住 筑波乃山之 裳羽服津乃 其津乃上尓 率而 未通女壮士之 徃集 加賀布嬥歌尓 他妻尓 吾毛交牟 吾妻尓 他毛言問 此山乎 牛掃神之 従来 不禁行事叙 今日耳者 目串毛勿見 事毛咎莫」

“Washi no sumu / Tsukuha no yama no / Mohakitsu no / sono tsu no ue ni / adomohite / wotome wotoko no / yukitsudohi / kagafu kagahi ni / hitozuma ni / ware mo majiramu / waga tsuma ni / hito mo kototohe / kono yama wo / ushihaku kami no / mukashi yori / isamenu waza zo / kefu nomi ha / megushi mo na miso / koto mo togamu na”

“On the Mountain of Tsukuba / Where the eagles dwell / Near the Wells of Mohakitsu, / Seeking each other, in song of Kagai, / I will seek the wives of other men / And let other men woo my own. / The gods dwelling in these mountains / Have allowed this / Since olden times; / Do not make exception today / And do not reproach the lovers / And blame them not.”

The Imperial Japanese Navy used the "Go" signal—NIITAKAYAMANOBORE 1208 (ニイタカヤマノボレ一二○八 [Kanji: 新高山登る一二○八]), meaning "Climb Mount Niitaka 1208"—to begin the surprise attack against the USN Pacific Fleet and its base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on 7 December 1941 (8 December [1208] in Japanese calendar). On the other hand, the "No Go" signal used the mountain's name, if needed, would be TSUKUBAYAMAHARE (ツクバヤマハレ [Kanji: 筑波山晴れ]), meaning "Mount Tsukuba is sunny".

Attractions

Mt. Tsukuba is famous not only for the legends that have appeared in poetry anthologies since 710 A.D. Today, the mountain and its centuries-old Shinto shrine Tsukubasan Shrine are both a source of blessing for the Japanese people and a must-see attraction to both local and foreign tourists. As the peaks (male and female) make a couple, they are worshipped as kami in the Shinto religion and are believed to bestow marital harmony and conjugal bliss.

At the foot of the southern face lies the main shrine called “Tsukuba-san-jinja” (筑波山神社). This ancient shrine is a popular destination for tourists, festival (matsuri) attendees and the occasional Japanese-style wedding. It is from here where the main hiking trails up the mountain begin. One can choose to go straight up the mountain via the Miyukigahara course (御幸ヶ原コース), which parallels the Swiss-made funicular, to the notch between the peaks. Or one can follow the Shirakumobashi course (白雲橋コース) up to the east ridge, where it joins up with the Otatsuishi course, and then continues on up to Mt. Nyotai.

In addition to the funicular there is also an aerial tramway which follows the east ridge up the mountain, paralleling the Otatsuishi course (おたつ石コース). At the top of the mountain there are many gift shops and food stalls in the area between the two peaks. Here one can purchase ramen, omiyage, beer and the local cure-all, toad oil (がま油).

At both Mt. Nantai-san and Mt. Nyotai-san are small shrines devoted to their respective gods. The mountain is a popular starting point for parasailing.

Fauna and flora

Flora

Mount Tsukuba is blessed with an abundance of nature which covers the entire mountain. At lower elevations of the mountain are trees such as live oak (赤樫), mountain cherry (山桜), Japanese cedar (杉), Japanese red pine (赤松) and Hinoki cypress (檜). Higher in elevation, one can find species such as beech (ぶな), Japanese mountain maple (山紅葉) and a variety of conifers. Below these giants of the forest, the mountain is also home to hydrangea (紫陽花), rhododendron (つつじ), hosta, bush clover (ヤマハギ), five-leaf akebia (アケビ), fern, gold-banded lily (ヤマユリ) and the dog-tooth violet (片栗), to name a few.

Fauna

Amongst these exist a myriad of insects, including hairy caterpillars (毛虫), centipedes, giant hornets (スズメバチ), stick insects, praying mantis (カマキリ), cicada (セミ), a number of amphibians and over 70 species of butterfly (蝶). Larger animals such as the Japanese hare, mamushi pit viper (蝮), sika deer (鹿), Japanese boar (猪), raccoon (洗熊), Eurasian badger (穴熊) and the Japanese red fox (狐) can be occasionally spotted. In addition, over 700 bird species are known to Mt. Tsukuba, these include the Japanese robin (駒鳥), Japanese pheasant, Japanese white-eye (目白), Japanese grosbeak, cinnamon sparrow (すずめ), Japanese quail and the Japanese green woodpecker.

References

External links

• Mt. Tsukuba Area Geopark
• Mount Tsukuba - Ibaraki Prefectural Tourism & Local Products Association
• Mount Tsukuba Ropeway - Japan National Tourist Organization
• 筑波山 - Tsukuba Tourism and Convention Association (Japanese)

На других языках

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[de] Tsukuba (Berg)

Der Tsukuba (jap. 筑波山, -san) ist ein Berg bei Tsukuba in Japan. Der Tsukuba hat zwei Gipfel, den Nyotai-san (女体山, wörtlich: „weiblicher Körper“) im Osten (877 m) und den Nantai-san (男体山, wörtlich: „männlicher Körper“) im Westen (871 m). Er ist einer der bekanntesten Berge Japans, auch wegen seines Shintō-Schreines.

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- [en] Mount Tsukuba

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[fr] Mont Tsukuba

Le mont Tsukuba (筑波山, Tsukuba-san?) est une montagne du Japon. Elle est située dans la préfecture d'Ibaraki. Elle est connue pour sa forme, composée de deux pics : le Nyotai-san (877 m) et le Nantai-san (871 m). Beaucoup de gens font l'ascension de cette montagne qu'ils surnomment la montagne bleue pour la vue panoramique depuis le sommet.

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[it] Monte Tsukuba

Il monte Tsukuba (筑波山 Tsukuba-san) è una montagna di 877 m situata vicino Tsukuba, in Giappone. È una delle più famose montagne in Giappone, nota per i suoi 2 picchi, il Nyotai-san 877 m e il Nantai-san 871 m. Molta gente scala la cosiddetta "montagna viola" ogni anno per godere dalla sommità la veduta panoramica sulla regione di Kanto. In giornate terse è possibile intravedere lo skyline di Tokyo, il lago Kamusigaura ed anche il Fuji. La maggior parte delle montagne giapponesi sono di origine vulcanica, ma il monte Tsukuba è composto da rocce non vulcaniche come il granito o il gabbro. L'area che circonda la montagna è conosciuta tutt'oggi per l'estrazione mineraria di una buonissima qualità di granito.

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