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The Kupa (Croatian pronunciation: [kûpa]) or Kolpa (Slovene pronunciation: [ˈkóːlpa] or [ˈkóːwpa]; from Latin: Colapis in Roman times; Hungarian: Kulpa) river, a right tributary of the Sava, forms a natural border between north-west Croatia and southeast Slovenia. It is 297 kilometres (185 miles) long,[2] with its border part having a length of 118 km (73 mi)[1] and the rest located in Croatia.[4]

This article is about the river in Croatia and Slovenia. For other uses, see Kupa (disambiguation).
Kupa / Kolpa
Kolpa at Prelesje (Slovenia)
Location
Countries
  • Croatia
  • Slovenia
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationRazloge, Gorski kotar, Croatia
 • elevation313 metres (1,027 ft) [1]
Mouth 
 • location
Sava, Sisak, Croatia
 • coordinates
45°27′36″N 16°24′08″E
Length297.4 km (185 mi) [2][3]
Basin size10,226 km2 (3,948 sq mi) [2]
Discharge 
 • average283 m3/s (10,000 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionSava→ Danube→ Black Sea

Name


The name Colapis, recorded in antiquity, is presumed to come from the Proto-Indo-European roots *quel- 'turn, meander' and *ap- 'water', meaning 'meandering water'. An alternative interpretation is *(s)kel-/*skul- 'shiny, bright', meaning 'clear river'.[5]

Kupa River in Šišinec
Kupa River in Šišinec

Course


In its upper course, the Kupa flows through the Dinaric Alps until exiting from Kočevski Rog and Ogulinsko zagorje.
In its upper course, the Kupa flows through the Dinaric Alps until exiting from Kočevski Rog and Ogulinsko zagorje.
In its lower course, the Kupa meanders through the plains of the Pannonian Basin.
In its lower course, the Kupa meanders through the plains of the Pannonian Basin.

The Kupa originates in Croatia in the mountainous region of Gorski Kotar, northeast of Rijeka, in the area of Risnjak National Park. It flows a few kilometers eastwards, receives the small Čabranka River from the left, before reaching the Slovenian border.

It then continues eastwards between the White Carniola region in the north and Central Croatia in the south. The Kupa receives influx from the river Lahinja from the left in Primostek, passes Vrbovsko, and eventually detaches from the Slovenian border having passed Metlika.

It then reaches the city of Karlovac, where it receives influx from two other rivers from the right, Dobra and Korana (which in turn is joined by Mrežnica). The Kupa continues flowing to the east, where it merges with Glina from the right, it then passes through two small towns called Šišinec and Brkiševina, and then proceeds to the town of Sisak where it merges with Odra from the left and, after passing through Sisak town centre, flows into the Sava River.


Pollution


Fairly unpolluted downstream to Karlovac, the upper Kupa is a popular place for bathing in summer. The section from Stari Trg down to Fučkovci since 2006 is part of the Slovenian Krajinski park Kolpa nature reserve.

The hydrological parameters of the Kupa are regularly monitored at Radenci, Kamanje, Karlovac, Jamnička Kiselica and Farkašić.[6]


See also



References


  1. Rivers, longer than 25 km, and their catchment areas, Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia
  2. "Sava River Basin Analysis Report" (PDF). International Sava River Basin Commission. September 2009. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF, 9.98 MB) on 2017-07-17.
  3. Ostroški, Ljiljana, ed. (December 2015). Statistički ljetopis Republike Hrvatske 2015 [Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2015] (PDF). Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia (in Croatian and English). Vol. 47. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. p. 49. ISSN 1333-3305. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  4. Surface streams and water balance of Slovenia, Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning
  5. Šimunović 2013, pp. 205–206.
  6. "Daily hydrological report". meteo.hr. Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

Sources



Further reading




Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kupa.

На других языках

[de] Kupa

Die Kupa (kroatisch) bzw. Kolpa (slowenisch) (auf deutsch Kulpa), von lateinisch Colapis oder Calapius ist ein fischreicher Nebenfluss der Save in Kroatien und Slowenien. Sie entspringt in Kroatien im Nationalpark Risnjak, der auf dem Gebiet Gorski Kotar liegt. Der Fluss bildet auf etwa 100 km Länge am Oberlauf vom slowenischen Ort Osilnica beginnend die Grenze zwischen beiden Ländern bis in etwa zum slowenischen Ort Božakovo bei Metlika in der Bela krajina. Bis Karlovac auf kroatischem Gebiet gilt er als sauber und wird im Sommer zum Baden genutzt. Die Kupa/Kolpa wurde im Jahr 2012 zur EDEN-Region (European Destination of ExcelleNce) gewählt. Eine Sonderbriefmarke der slowenischen Post wurde zu diesem Anlass herausgegeben.
- [en] Kupa

[es] Río Kolpa

El río Kupa (croata) o Kolpa (esloveno) es un río que delinea la frontera natural entre el noroeste de Croacia y el sureste de Eslovenia.

[it] Kupa

Il fiume Kupa (croato) o Kolpa (sloveno) è un fiume dell'Europa centrale che forma parte del confine naturale tra la Slovenia e la Croazia. Era l'antico corso del fiume chiamato dai Romani, Colapis.[1] Per buona parte del suo corso, ha segnato nei secoli un confine costantemente rinnovato: sin dal 843 ha delimitato il Sacro romano impero dalla Croazia, poi dall'Ungheria e per secoli ha diviso le terre asburgiche austriache da quelle ungheresi fino al 1918.[2]

[ru] Купа (приток Савы)

Ку́па (хорв. Kupa, словен. Kolpa) — река в Хорватии и Словении, правый приток Савы. Длина реки — 297,4 км[1], средний расход воды — 283 м³/с. Площадь бассейна — 10 032 км²[1].


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