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Cornwallis Island is one of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, part of the Arctic Archipelago, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut in the Canadian Arctic. It lies to the west of Devon Island, the largest uninhabited island in the world, and at its greatest length is about 113 km (70 mi). At 6,995 km2 (2,701 sq mi) in size, it is the 96th largest island in the world, and Canada's 21st largest island. Cornwallis Island is separated by the Wellington Channel from Devon Island, and by the Parry Channel from Somerset Island to the south. Northwest of Cornwallis Island lies Little Cornwallis Island, the biggest of a group of small islands at the north end of McDougall Sound, which separates Cornwallis Island from nearby Bathurst Island.

Cornwallis Island
Closeup of Cornwallis Island
Geography
LocationNorthern Canada
Coordinates75°08′N 95°00′W[1]
ArchipelagoQueen Elizabeth Islands
Arctic Archipelago
Area6,995 km2 (2,701 sq mi)
Length113 km (70.2 mi)
Width95 km (59 mi)
Highest elevation359 m (1178 ft)
Highest pointUnnamed High Point
Administration
Canada
TerritoryNunavut
Largest settlementResolute (pop. 183)
Demographics
Population183[2] (2021)
Pop. density0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi)

Cape Airy is located at the island's southwestern extremity.[3] Also on the southwestern coast, Griffith Island lies directly across from the island's only hamlet Resolute (Qausuittuq), separated by the 10.5 km (6.5 mi) wide Resolute Passage.[4]

The first European to visit Cornwallis Island was the British Arctic explorer and naval officer Sir William Edward Parry in 1819. The island is named for Royal Navy admiral Sir William Cornwallis.[5]

Cornwallis Island is also home to microbiological colonies known as hypoliths, from their tendency to take hold under ("hypo") stones ("lith").


Demographics


Resolute is Canada's second most northerly public community, after Grise Fiord, and has a population of 183 in 2021.[2] Resolute Bay Airport acts as a transportation hub for the central islands of the high Arctic of Nunavut.



Cornwallis Island within Nunavut
NASA Landsat photo of Cornwallis Island
Cornwallis Island in its entirety is an exposure of Paleozoic rocks. Specimen seen in the display at the Hamlet office, Resolute Bay

Climate


The island has a polar arctic climate (ET) with long cold winters and short cool summers. Resolute, which lies on the south coast of the island, has an annual average temperature of −15.7 °C (3.7 °F), with an average high for the year of −12.7 °C (9.1 °F) and the average low for the year is −18.6 °C (−1.5 °F).[6] Resolute has a very dry climate with an average precipitation of 161.2 mm (6.35 in) a year, most of it falling as snow from September to October.[6] The record high for Resolute is 20.1 °C (68.2 °F) on July 2, 2012.[7] The record low for Resolute is −52.2 °C (−62.0 °F) on January 7, 1966.[6]

Resolute has never experienced an above-freezing temperature between October 20 and May 6.[8]

Between around April 30 and August 13, Resolute experiences midnight sun; whilst between around November 7 and February 4 there is polar night.[9] Between late November and mid-January, the sun is so low that there is not even civil twilight, with the only exception from complete darkness being a deeper-blue sky called nautical twilight at noon, but there is no true experience of 24 hours of pitch black darkness around noon. For about two weeks before and after the midnight sun in Resolute, the nights are still quite bright since it does not get any darker than civil twilight (this is the twilight where surrounding objects are still visible and outdoor activities can go on without the need for artificial lighting). Resolute, however, does not experience night (the phase of day) from about March 14 to September 29.[10]

Resolute does experience thunderstorms during the summer, but they are typically rare in the region.[11]

Climate data for Resolute (Resolute Bay Airport)
WMO ID: 71924; coordinates 74°43′01″N 94°58′10″W; elevation: 67.7 m (222 ft); 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1947–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) −0.8
(30.6)		 −3.9
(25.0)		 −2.7
(27.1)		 0.0
(32.0)		 6.1
(43.0)		 18.3
(64.9)		 20.1
(68.2)		 15.3
(59.5)		 9.4
(48.9)		 2.0
(35.6)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 −3.6
(25.5)		 20.1
(68.2)
Average high °C (°F) −28.6
(−19.5)		 −29.0
(−20.2)		 −26.8
(−16.2)		 −18.3
(−0.9)		 −7.4
(18.7)		 2.6
(36.7)		 7.3
(45.1)		 4.2
(39.6)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 −10.5
(13.1)		 −19.5
(−3.1)		 −24.5
(−12.1)		 −12.7
(9.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −32.0
(−25.6)		 −32.4
(−26.3)		 −30.2
(−22.4)		 −21.8
(−7.2)		 −10.3
(13.5)		 0.4
(32.7)		 4.5
(40.1)		 2.0
(35.6)		 −4.1
(24.6)		 −13.4
(7.9)		 −22.7
(−8.9)		 −27.9
(−18.2)		 −15.7
(3.7)
Average low °C (°F) −35.3
(−31.5)		 −35.8
(−32.4)		 −33.6
(−28.5)		 −25.3
(−13.5)		 −13.3
(8.1)		 −1.9
(28.6)		 1.7
(35.1)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 −6.1
(21.0)		 −16.4
(2.5)		 −25.9
(−14.6)		 −31.3
(−24.3)		 −18.6
(−1.5)
Record low °C (°F) −52.2
(−62.0)		 −52.0
(−61.6)		 −51.7
(−61.1)		 −42.1
(−43.8)		 −29.4
(−20.9)		 −16.7
(1.9)		 −3.1
(26.4)		 −9.3
(15.3)		 −20.6
(−5.1)		 −37.3
(−35.1)		 −42.8
(−45.0)		 −46.1
(−51.0)		 −52.2
(−62.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 4.2
(0.17)		 3.9
(0.15)		 7.4
(0.29)		 6.7
(0.26)		 8.7
(0.34)		 14.6
(0.57)		 28.1
(1.11)		 33.8
(1.33)		 22.6
(0.89)		 16.0
(0.63)		 9.6
(0.38)		 5.7
(0.22)		 161.2
(6.35)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.5
(0.02)		 7.2
(0.28)		 23.2
(0.91)		 23.2
(0.91)		 4.8
(0.19)		 0.5
(0.02)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 59.5
(2.34)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 4.8
(1.9)		 4.3
(1.7)		 7.9
(3.1)		 6.8
(2.7)		 9.9
(3.9)		 7.7
(3.0)		 4.6
(1.8)		 10.9
(4.3)		 18.7
(7.4)		 18.9
(7.4)		 10.2
(4.0)		 6.6
(2.6)		 111.2
(43.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 5.8 6.0 7.8 6.6 8.6 7.7 11.4 13.6 12.8 13.1 9.2 6.7 109.2
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 3.9 10.0 9.0 2.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 25.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 6.3 6.3 7.9 6.8 8.9 5.5 3.2 6.7 11.6 13.2 9.5 7.1 92.9
Average relative humidity (%) 64.5 64.4 65.0 69.6 81.5 83.5 80.8 85.8 88.5 84.2 71.6 67.0 75.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 0.0 0.0 132.2 291.7 307.9 298.1 299.4 138.4 58.9 30.3 0.7 0.0 1,557.5
Percent possible sunshine 0 0 37.2 53.6 41.4 41.4 40.2 20.8 14.0 12.4 3.8 0 29.4
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[6][7][12][13]
Resolute area, 2004
Resolute area, 2004

References


  1. "Cornwallis Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  2. "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Nunavut". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  3. "Cape Airy". The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
  4. Pharand, Donat; Legault, L.H. (1984). The Northwest Passage: Arctic Straits. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 7. ISBN 90-247-2979-3.
  5. Parry, William Edward (1821). Journal of a voyage for the discovery of a North-West passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific: performed in the years 1819-20. London: John Murray.
  6. "Resolute CARS". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Climate ID: 2403500. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  7. "Daily Data Report for July 2012". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Climate ID: 2403500. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  8. "Almanac Averages and Extremes for May 07 - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada". climate.weather.gc.ca. Environment and Climate Change. 31 October 2011.
  9. "Sunrise and sunset for Resolute Bay". Time and Date.com. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  10. "Sunrise and sunset times in Resolute Bay". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
  11. Hudson, Ed; Aihoshi, David; Gaines, Tim; Simard, Gilles; Mullock, John. "The Weather of Nunavut and the Arctic" (PDF). NAV Canada. NAV Canada. p. 115. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
  12. "Daily Data Report for June 2012". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Climate ID: 2403500. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  13. "Daily Data Report for October 2014". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Climate ID: 2403500. Retrieved 11 July 2016.



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На других языках

[de] Cornwallis Island (Kanada)

Die Cornwallis-Insel (engl. Cornwallis Island) ist eine der Königin-Elisabeth-Inseln im kanadischen Territorium Nunavut.
- [en] Cornwallis Island (Nunavut)

[es] Isla Cornwallis (Nunavut)

La isla Cornwallis es isla del Archipiélago ártico canadiense. Administrativamente, la isla pertenece a la región Qikiqtaaluk del territorio autónomo de Nunavut, Canadá.

[fr] Île Cornwallis

L'île Cornwallis (Cornvallis Island) est située dans le passage du Nord-Ouest et est l'une des Îles de la Reine-Élisabeth, dans l'archipel arctique canadien. Elle est administrativement située dans la région du Qikiqtaaluk dans le territoire du Nunavut (Canada).

[it] Isola Cornwallis (Nunavut)

Cornwallis è un'isola del Canada dell'arcipelago delle Isole Regina Elisabetta situate nell'Arcipelago artico canadese nel territorio del Nunavut.

[ru] Корнуоллис (остров, Канада)

Корнуо́ллис (англ. Cornwallis Island, фр. Île Cornwallis) — остров Канадского Арктического архипелага, административно относится к региону Кикиктани территории Нунавут к Крайнему Северу Канады


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