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Nevado San Francisco, or Cerro San Francisco (Spanish pronunciation: [saɱ fɾanˈθisko]), is a stratovolcano on the border between Argentina and Chile,[3] located just southeast of San Francisco Pass. It is considered extinct and is one of the several 6,000 m (19,700 ft) peaks in the area, of which the chief is the Ojos del Salado. It is on the border of 2 provinces: Argentinean province of Catamarca; Chilean province of Copiapo.[4][5][6]

Nevado San Francisco
Highest point
Elevation6,016 m (19,738 ft)
Prominence1,124 metres (3,688 ft)[1]
Parent peakOjos del Salado
Coordinates26°55′07.68″S 068°15′45.71″W
Geography
LocationArgentina-Chile
Parent rangeAndes
Geology
Age of rock1.34 - 1.32 million years ago
Mountain typeStratovolcano
Last eruptionUnknown
Climbing
First ascent16 December 1913 - Walther Penck (Germany)[2]

The volcano is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes[7] and reaches an elevation of 6,016 metres (19,738 ft).[8][4][lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] It is composed from andesite with the exception of basaltic cones and lava flows on the eastern side. These cones are part of the Peinado lineament and a sample was dated 200,000 years ago by argon chronology.[15]: 74–75  They are noteworthy for their olivine phenocrysts.[7] One lava flow less than one million years old reaches a length of 11 kilometres (6.8 mi).[16] The western slopes contain dacitic lava domes.[17] On the summit lie two circle-shaped constructs, of Inca or Formative period ages.[15] San Francisco was first climbed by Walther Penck (Germany) on 16 December 1913.[18]


Notes


  1. Other data from digital elevation models: SRTM yields 6,027 metres (19,774 ft),[9] ASTER 6,019 metres (19,747 ft),[10] SRTM filled with ASTER6,027 metres (19,774 ft),[10] ALOS 6,019 metres (19,747 ft),[11] TanDEM-X 6,069 metres (19,911 ft)[12] and a handheld GPS survey by Maximo Kausch in October 2012 6,045 metres (19,833 ft).[13]
  2. The height of the nearest key col is 4,911 metres (16,112 ft),[14] leading to a topographic prominence of 1,124 metres (3,688 ft) with a topographical dominance of 18.62%. Its parent peak is Ojos del Salado and the Topographic isolation is 34.8 kilometres (21.6 mi).[13]

See also



References


  1. "San Francisco". Andes Specialists. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  2. Walter Penck (1912–1914). Diarios de investigaciones y viajes a la Cordillera de los Andes.
  3. Biggar, John (2020). The Andes a guide for climbers (5th ed.). Castle Douglas, Scotland. ISBN 978-0-9536087-7-5. OCLC 1260820889.
  4. "San Francisco". Andes Specialists. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  5. "Capas SIG | Instituto Geográfico Nacional". www.ign.gob.ar. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  6. rbenavente. "Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional | SIIT | Mapas vectoriales". bcn.cl. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  7. Kay, Suzanne Mahlburg; Mpodozis, Constantino; Gardeweg, Moyra (1 January 2014). "Magma sources and tectonic setting of Central Andean andesites (25.5–28°S) related to crustal thickening, forearc subduction erosion and delamination". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 385 (1): 310. Bibcode:2014GSLSP.385..303K. doi:10.1144/SP385.11. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 129489335.
  8. Difrol Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  9. USGS, EROS Archive. "USGS EROS Archive - Digital Elevation - SRTM Coverage Maps". Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  10. "ASTER GDEM Project". ssl.jspacesystems.or.jp. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  11. "ALOS GDEM Project". Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  12. TanDEM-X, TerraSAR-X. "Copernicus Space Component Data Access". Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  13. "Andean Mountains - All above 5000m". Andes Specialists. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  14. "Andean Mountains - All above 5000m". Andes Specialists. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  15. Nevado de Incahuasi: The Archaeological Anatomy of a Sacred Mountain in the Andes. 2008. ISBN 978-1-109-06242-7.
  16. "Comunicación | Conicet". www.conicet.gov.ar (in European Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  17. Baker, P. E.; Gonzalez-Ferran, O.; Rex, D. C. (1 February 1987). "Geology and geochemistry of the Ojos del Salado volcanic region, Chile". Journal of the Geological Society. 144 (1): 89. Bibcode:1987JGSoc.144...85B. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.144.1.0085. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 130046594.
  18. Penck, Walter (1912–1914). Diarios de investigaciones y viajes a la Cordillera de los Andes.


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На других языках

- [en] Nevado San Francisco

[es] Volcán San Francisco

El San Francisco es un volcán extinto situado en la Cordillera de los Andes, en el límite entre Argentina y Chile, a un costado sureste del Paso Internacional San Francisco. Con sus 6.018 metros sobre el nivel del mar, es considerado una de las cimas de más de 6.000 metros más accesibles del mundo. Sin embargo se trata de una montaña escasamente visitada.

[fr] San Francisco (volcan)

Le San Francisco est un volcan considéré comme éteint, d'Argentine (province de Catamarca) et du Chili (région d'Atacama), situé à quelque 7 kilomètres au sud-est du col frontalier du Paso de San Francisco. Il se trouve de ce fait à une quinzaine de kilomètres du Falso Azufre qui constitue le rebord nord-ouest de ce col, et comme ce dernier, il fait frontière entre les deux pays.

[it] Monte Nevado San Francisco

Il Nevado San Francisco (detto anche Cerro San Francisco) è uno stratovulcano considerato spento. Si trova al confine di Argentina e Cile ed è alto 6016 metri.

[ru] Невадо-Сан-Франциско

Невадо Сан-Франциско (исп. Nevado San Francisco) — вулкан на северо-западе страны Аргентина. Расположен к юго-востоку от перевала Сан-Франциско.


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