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Cayambe or Volcán Cayambe is a volcano in Ecuador, in the Cordillera Central, a range of the Ecuadorian Andes. It is located in Pichincha Province, some 70 km (43 mi) northeast of Quito. It is the third-highest mountain in Ecuador, at an elevation of 5,790 m (18,996 ft) above sea level.[2]

Cayambe
North face of the Cayambe volcano
Highest point
Elevation	5,790 m (18,996 ft)[1]
Prominence	2,075 m (6,808 ft)
Listing	Ultra
Coordinates	0°1′30″N 77°59′20″W
Geography
Location	Pichincha, Ecuador
Parent range	Andes
Geology
Mountain type	Complex volcano[1]
Volcanic arc/belt	North Volcanic Zone
Last eruption	1785 to 1786[1]
Climbing
First ascent	1880 by Edward Whymper
Easiest route	rock/snow climb

Cayambe, which has a permanent snow cap, is a Holocene compound volcano which last erupted in March 1786.[1] At 4,690 metres (15,387 ft), its south slope is the highest point in the world crossed by the Equator, and the only point on the Equator with snow cover. The ice cap covers an area of about 22 km² (8 sq mi) and there are glaciers on the eastern flank descending to about 4,400 m (14,400 ft), whereas those on the drier western flank reach about 4,700 m (15,400 ft).[2] The volcano and most of its slopes are within the Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve.[3]

Cayambe was first climbed by British adventurer Edward Whymper and his two Italian guides and companions Jean-Antoine Carrel and Louis Carrel in 1880.[4] They made first ascents of most of the volcanoes in Ecuador. Cayambe remains a favorite of mountaineers today. The main route runs through a much-fissured terrain of moderate inclination, and only in its final part does the slope increase to 45°. There is a formidable bergschrund to cross at about 5,500 m (18,000 ft). On the final stages, there are many cracks and seracs to be overcome, and there are extensive views from the summit.[5]

Cayambe was considered especially beautiful by Alexander von Humboldt, whose writings in turn inspired Frederic Edwin Church to paint the peak, setting the stage for his painting The Heart of the Andes.[6]

Cayambe's peak is the point of Earth's surface farthest from its axis; thus, it rotates the fastest as Earth spins.[7]

See also

• Lists of volcanoes
  • List of volcanoes in Ecuador

References

• Cayambe, Instituto Geofísico de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional

External links

• Cayambe: Etymology
• Climbing Trip Report

На других языках

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[de] Cayambe (Vulkan)

Der Cayambe ist ein komplexer Vulkan in den Anden in Ecuador.

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- [en] Cayambe (volcano)

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[es] Volcán Cayambe

El Cayambe es un volcán en la Cordillera Central del norte de Ecuador. Es la tercera elevación más importante del país solo por detrás del Cotopaxi y el Chimborazo. Es la cumbre más alta en los Andes al norte de la línea ecuatorial.

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[fr] Cayambe

Le Cayambe est un volcan situé à l'est des Andes équatoriennes, dans la province de Pichincha à 70 kilomètres au nord-est de Quito.

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[it] Cayambe (vulcano)

Il Cayambe (5.790 m s.l.m.) è un vulcano dell'Ecuador situato nella Cordillera Central, sottogruppo delle Ande. Si trova nella provincia di Pichincha a circa 70 km a nord-est di Quito. È la terza montagna per ordine di altezza dell'Ecuador.

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[ru] Каямбе (вулкан)

Каямбе (исп. Cayambe) — вулкан высотой 5790 метров над уровнем моря в западной части хребта Кордильера Сентраль, являющегося отрогом горной системы Анды в Эквадоре. Каямбе расположен в провинции Пичинча в 60 километрах на северо-восток от столицы Эквадора Кито и является её высочайшей точкой. Является третьим по абсолютной высоте вулканом Эквадора после Чимборасо и Котопахи.

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