geo.wikisort.org - Island
Ushishir (Russian: Ушишир; Japanese: 宇志知島; Ushishiru-tō; Ainu: ウシシㇼ) is an uninhabited volcanic island located in the centre of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Its name is derived from the Ainu language for "hot spring".
Native name: Ушишир 宇志知島 | |
|---|---|
 NASA picture of Ushishir Island | |
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| Geography | |
| Location | Sea of Okhotsk |
| Coordinates | 47.52°N 152.80°E |
| Archipelago | Kuril Islands |
| Area | 5 km2 (1.9 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 401 m (1316 ft) |
| Highest point | Mikasayama |
| Administration | |
Russia | |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 0 |
| Ethnic groups | Ainu (formerly) |
Geology
Ushishir consists of two islets connected by a narrow spit of land with an area of 5 km2 (1.9 sq mi).[1]
These islets are the tops of a partially submerged volcano. The southern island, Yankicha (Russian: Янкича), consists of the summit caldera and has a maximum width of 2.5 kilometres (1.6 miles). The caldera has a diameter of 1.6 kilometres (1.0 mile), and is breached on the south, forming a sea-water crater bay. The bay has an estimated depth of 30 metres (98 feet), and there is strong evidence of ongoing underwater volcanic activity, as evidenced by frequent bubbles, altered water chemistry and the presence of bacteria mats. Two small lava domes form small islands in the central lagoon, and numerous fumaroles and hot springs are along the southeast caldera shoreline. The island's highest point Mikasayama (御笠山) is 401 metres (1,316 feet) high, and is on the eastern shore. The northern islet (Ryponkicha Russian: o. Рыпонкича) is the larger of the two, and consists of a portion of the volcano's flank, with sheer cliffs rising up 131 metres (430 feet) from the sea. Ushishir is still an active volcano with the last known eruption in 1884.
Fauna
In the spring and summer some of the largest colonies of crested and whiskered auklet in the Kuril Islands are found on the island; least auklet also nest here.[2]
History
Ushishir had no permanent habitation prior to European contact, but was visited in summer by the Ainu tribes from Rasshua, who regarded the island as a sacred land, which they identified as the home of the thunder god. Remains of Ainu huts have been found on the northern slopes of Yankicha's crater bay. Claimed by the Empire of Russia, sovereignty over Ushishir was passed to the Empire of Japan per the Treaty of Saint Petersburg along with the rest of the Kuril Islands. Approaches to the island are difficult due to frequent fogs, rapid ocean currents and the presence of numerous small offshore rocks. The island was formerly administered as part of Shimushiro District of Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaidō. After World War II, the island came under the control of the Soviet Union, and is now administered as part of the Sakhalin Oblast of the Russian Federation.
See also
References
- "Ushishur". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- Oceandots entry at the Wayback Machine (archived December 23, 2010)
External links
Notes
- "International Kuril Island Project（IKIP）". University of Washington Fish Collection or the respective authors.
- Kondratyev, A. Y., Litvinenko, N. M., Shibaev, Y. V., Vyatkin, P. S., & Kondratyeva, L. F. (2000). "The breeding seabirds of the Russian Far East". Seabirds of the Russian Far East, 37-81.
Further reading
- Gorshkov, G. S. Volcanism and the Upper Mantle Investigations in the Kurile Island Arc. Monographs in geoscience. New York: Plenum Press, 1970. ISBN 0-306-30407-4
- Krasheninnikov, Stepan Petrovich, and James Greive. The History of Kamtschatka and the Kurilski Islands, with the Countries Adjacent. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1963.
- Rees, David. The Soviet Seizure of the Kuriles. New York: Praeger, 1985. ISBN 0-03-002552-4
- Takahashi, Hideki, and Masahiro Ōhara. Biodiversity and Biogeography of the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. Bulletin of the Hokkaido University Museum, no. 2-. Sapporo, Japan: Hokkaido University Museum, 2004.
На других языках
[de] Uschischir
Uschischir (auch Uschischur, russisch Острова Ушишир; jap. 宇志知島, Ushishiru-tō) bezeichnet eine Gruppe kleiner, unbewohnter Inseln im Archipel der Kurilen. Sie liegt im zentralen Bereich der Kurilen südwestlich der Insel Rasschua sowie nordöstlich der Insel Ketoi. Administrativ gehören die Inseln zur russischen Oblast Sachalin.- [en] Ushishir
[es] Islas Ushishir
Las islas Ushishir (en ruso, Ушишир, y en japonés, Ushishiru) es una isla rusa en el archipiélago de las Kuriles. Tiene una superficie de aproximadamente 5 km². Pertenece al grupo de las Kuriles centrales.[it] Ušišir
Le isole Ušišir (in russo острова Ушишир; in giapponese 宇志知島, Ushishiru-tō) sono due isole russe che fanno parte dell'arcipelago delle Isole Curili e sono situate tra il Mare di Ochotsk e l'Oceano Pacifico settentrionale. Amministrativamente fanno parte del Severo-Kuril'skij rajon dell'oblast' di Sachalin, nel Circondario federale dell'Estremo Oriente. Il loro nome viene dalla lingua ainu e significa "sorgenti termali". Le isole sono disabitate.[ru] Ушишир
Ушиши́р (ранее также Усишир[2]; на российской карте 1745 года — Козелъ и Коза[3]) — острова средней группы Большой гряды Курильских островов. Административно входят в Северо-Курильский городской округ Сахалинской области. В настоящее время необитаемы, хотя в прошлом на них постоянно проживали и вели хозяйственную деятельность айны.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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