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Nisyros also spelled Nisiros (Greek: Νίσυρος, romanized: Nísiros) is a volcanic Greek island and municipality located in the Aegean Sea. It is part of the Dodecanese group of islands, situated between the islands of Kos and Tilos.

Nisyros
Νίσυρος
view of Mandraki
Nisyros
Location within the region
Coordinates: 36°35′N 27°10′E
CountryGreece
Administrative regionSouth Aegean
Regional unitKos
Area
  Municipality50.06 km2 (19.33 sq mi)
Highest elevation
698 m (2,290 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
  Municipality
1,008
  Municipality density20/km2 (52/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
  Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
853 03
Area code(s)22420
Vehicle registrationΚΧ, ΡΟ, ΡΚ
Websitewww.nisyros.gr

Its shape is approximately round, with a diameter of about 8 km (5 mi), and an area of 41.6 km2 (16.062 sq mi).[2] Several other islets are found in the direct vicinity of Nisyros, the largest of which is Gyali, with a population of 22 citizens. The Municipality of Nisyros includes Gyalí, as well as uninhabited Pacheiá, Pergoússa, Kandelioussa, Ágios Antónios and Stroggýli. It has a total land area of 50.055 km2 (19.326 sq mi)[3] and a total population of 1,008 inhabitants. The island was also called Nisiro in Italian and İncirli in Turkish.


Geology


Stefanos, the largest crater of the volcano.
Stefanos, the largest crater of the volcano.
Landscape
Landscape

The island has a 3-to-4-kilometre (1.9 to 2.5 mi) wide caldera, and was formed within the past 150,000 years, with three separate eruptive stages, ranging from explosive and effusive andesitic eruptions to explosive and effusive dacitic and rhyolitic activity.[4] Its coasts are generally rocky or pebbled, but there are also a few sandy beaches (mainly in the northeastern part). The volcano is currently active but not erupting, and fumaroles are found at the craters.[4] It has had four historical eruptions, all of which had a VEI of 2. Almost all of its eruptions involved phreatic activity.[5] The latest eruptive activity was a steam explosion in 1888,[4] after small ash eruptions in 1871 and 1873, and earthquakes are not infrequent. A period of seismic unrest in 19961997 led an international team of scientists to initiate monitoring of the volcanic unrest, as part of the European Union sponsored Geowarn project. The entire volcanic complex includes the seafloor between Nisyros and Kos, the island of Gyali and a part of Kos island.


Geography


Nisyros can experience the Meltemi Etesian wind through June - August. This is most obvious on the eastern and western flanks of the volcano, where trees are bent towards the south from the force of the winds. The wind may be especially strong on the island due to jet effects as it passes over Kos.


Settlements


Street of Mandraki
Street of Mandraki

The island is reachable by ship from Piraeus, Rhodes and Kos, and in summer, there are many daily trips from the village of Kardamena on Kos. There is also a heliport. The main town and port of the island is Mandraki (pop. 660). Other villages are Paloi (239), Nikia (61), and Emporeios (27). According to the 2011 census, the municipality's resident population is 1,008 (including 21 on Gyali), although in summer it is augmented by many tourists as well as expatriate Nisyrians who visit the island for their vacations. Tourism is not so heavily developed as on other Greek islands. Deposits of perlite and pumice on Gyali provide much of the wealth of the island. The island used to be self-sufficient, and many crops were grown on its terraced slopes. Today, though, they are cultivated on a smaller scale.

Nisyros
Νίσυρος
Aerial view of Nisyros. Nisyros is the large island in the foreground.
Highest point
Elevation698 m (2,290 ft)[4]
Coordinates36.586°N 27.160°E / 36.586; 27.160[4]
Geography
LocationAegean Sea, Greece
Geology
Mountain typeCaldera
Last eruptionSeptember 1888[5]

History


Nikia village
Nikia village

According to Greek mythology, the island was formed when Poseidon cut off a part of Kos and threw it onto the giant Polybotes to stop him from escaping. The ancient name of the Nisyros was Porphyris. Ancient walls, dating from the 5th century BC, part of the acropolis of the island, are found near Mandraki.

It was apparently also a source of millstones used in some of the earliest watermills, being referred to by epigrammatist Antipater of Thessalonica in the 1st century BC.[6]

The island is mentioned by Homer in the Iliad.[7]

In Roman times it became part of the Insulae province.

Between X-XI centuries, Genoese captains and adventurers who had a private fleet organized in clans united by family ties, exercised sovereignty and maritime control on behalf of the Byzantines, and these clans in exchange for the protection of the seas were given a concession to exploit raw materials, rights of trade and collection of customs duties.

The Knights Hospitaller in 1315 were allowed to settle on the island upon payment of rent to Genoese government ruled by the Vignolo family, and they built the crusader castle.

In the following centuries there were clashes with Saracens and Venetians crusaders, and with uncertain outcomes the island passed to Ottomans in 1566; then passed almost 4 centuries later from the Ottomans to the Italians in 1911 during the Italo-Turkish War, along with the rest of the Dodecanese islands. It finally was annexed to the Greek Kingdom after the Second World War, in 1947.


Christianity


The patron saint of the island is Saint Nikitas. Many Orthodox Christian churches are found on the island, as well as four monasteries which are not inhabited by monks today, although various celebrations take place in them. The largest monastery is the one of Panagia Spiliani (Blessed Virgin Mary of the cave) at Mandraki. It is built beside the medieval castle erected by the Knights Hospitaller.


Diocese of Nisyrus


Nisyrus was a suffragan of Rhodes, but the bishopric faded. Known bishops included Matthaeus de Cheselles (appointed 1436), Pierre Fridaricus (served from the 1480s),[8] Pedro Xague (appointed 1560),[9] and Jerónimo Clavijo (appointed 1564).[10][11]


Latin titular see


The diocese was nominally restored in 1927 as Titular See of the lowest (Episcopal) rank, initially named Nysirus (Curiate Italian Nisiro), and renamed Nisyrus in 1928.

It has been vacant for decades, having had the following incumbents:


Culture


A traditional product of Nisyros is soumada, a non-alcoholic almond-flavoured drink.


Twinning


Mandraki is twinned with the following municipalities:


Notable natives and residents



See also



References


  1. "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
  2. "City of Nisyros". Municipality of Nisyros. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
  3. "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece.
  4. "Nisyros: Summary". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
  5. "Nisyros: Eruptive History". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
  6. M. J. T. Lewis, Millstone and Hammer: the origins of water power (University of Hull Press 1997), pp. vii 66-7.
  7. 2.675-679
  8. Catholic Hierarchy: "Bishop Pierre Fridaricus" retrieved January 30, 2016
  9. Catholic Hierarchy: "Bishop Pedro Xague, O.P." retrieved January 30, 2016
  10. Catholic Hierarchy: "Bishop Jerónimo Clavijo, O.P." retrieved January 30, 2016
  11. Catholic Hierarchy: Diocese of Nisyros retrieved January 30, 2016



На других языках


[de] Nisyros

Die griechische Insel Nisyros (griechisch Νίσυρος [.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}ˈnisirɔs] (f. sg.)) bildet zusammen mit mehreren unbewohnten kleinen Inseln eine Gemeinde (δήμος .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}dimos) innerhalb der Region Südliche Ägäis. Hauptort und Fährhafen ist Mandraki.
- [en] Nisyros

[es] Nísiros

Nísiros (En griego: Νίσυρος, en italiano: Nisiro y en idioma turco: Íncirli) es una isla griega situada al sur del mar Egeo. Forma parte del archipiélago del Dodecaneso y de la región administrativa homónima cuya capital es Rodas. El municipio de Nísiros incluye las islas de Gyali, Pergousa, Kadelioussa, Agios Antonios, Strongilí y Pachia.

[fr] Nísyros

Nísyros ou Nissiros (en grec moderne : Νίσυρος) est une île grecque située dans le sud de la mer Égée. Elle fait partie du groupe d'îles de la région administrative du Dodécanèse, dont la principale est Rhodes.

[it] Nisiro

Nìsiro[1] (in greco: Νίσυρος, traslitterato: Nisyros) è un'isola vulcanica appartenente geograficamente al Dodecaneso tra Coo e Piscopi. È a 80 km dal porto di Rodi. Ha una forma approssimativamente rotonda, con un diametro di circa 8 km e una superficie di 41,2 km². Dal punto di vista amministrativo è un comune della periferia dell'Egeo Meridionale (unità periferica di Coo) con una popolazione di 948 abitanti al censimento 2001[2] e che comprende oltre all'isola omonima l'isola di Gyali (10 abitanti) e le isole disabitate di Pacheiá, Pergoússa, Kandelioússa, Ágios Antónios e Strogýli

[ru] Нисирос

Ни́сирос[1][2] (греч. Νίσυρος) — возвышенный и скалистый остров в Эгейском море, принадлежит Греции. Входит в группу островов Додеканес (Южные Спорады). Расположен недалеко от мыса Девебойну  (англ.) (рус.[3] полуострова Решадие  (англ.) (рус.[4] Малой Азии, между островами Кос и Тилос. Согласно переписи населения 2011 года на острове проживает 1088 человек[5]. Самый крупный населённый пункт на острове и административный центр — Мандракион.



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