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Farmakonisi or Pharmakonisi (Greek: Φαρμακονήσι) is a small Greek island and community of the Dodecanese, in the Aegean Sea, Greece. It lies in the middle between the chain of the Dodecanese islands in the west, and the coast of Asia Minor (Turkey) in the east. To the north of it are the island of Agathonisi, to the west the islands of Leipsoi, Patmos and Leros, and to the south the islands of Kalymnos and Pserimos. It forms part of the municipality of Leros, and had a 2001 census population of 74 inhabitants, while in the 2011 census the population dropped to 10 inhabitants. Prominent historical monuments on the island include the church of Agios Georgios (Greek: Άγιος Γεώργιος) and the nearby ruins of an ancient Roman temple.

Farmakonisi
Φαρμακονήσι
Farmakonisi
Coordinates: 37°17′N 27°05′E
CountryGreece
Administrative regionSouth Aegean
Regional unitKalymnos
Area
 • Total3.866 km2 (1.493 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total10
 • Density2.6/km2 (6.7/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
854 00
Area code(s)22470

The area of Farmakonisi is 1.48 square miles (3.8 km2).


Name


In Antiquity, the island was known as Pharmakousa (Greek: Φαρμακοῦσσα,[2] Latin: Pharmacussa[3]) and took its name from pharmaceutical herbs that were growing on it. Alternative names for it are Pharmakos, whence it is known as Farmaco in Italian. It is known as Bulamaç in Turkish.[4]


History


Front, left to right: Arkoi, Leipsoi, Leros. Back, left to right: Agathonisi, Farmakonisi and the Turkey coastline.
Front, left to right: Arkoi, Leipsoi, Leros. Back, left to right: Agathonisi, Farmakonisi and the Turkey coastline.

In ancient times, Hippocrates used to visit Farmakonisi to gather pharmaceutical herbs. Plutarch in his Parallel Lives tells that the young Julius Caesar, while traveling to Asia Minor, was kidnapped by pirates and held prisoner there 38 days. During his imprisonment he promised them that, if he were freed, he would have all of them killed. After having paid a ransom twice as high as his kidnappers claimed (since he said that the required amount was too low for someone like himself), and having been freed, he organized a fleet and maintained his promise, crucifying all of them.

Farmakonisi, in South Aegean
Farmakonisi, in South Aegean

In modern times, the islet -dependent from Leros- was occupied in 1912 by the Kingdom of Italy during the Italo-Turkish war and, after being part of the Italian Islands of the Aegean,[5] was ceded from Italy to Greece in 1947.


Administration


Since 2011, as part of the Kallikratis Plan, the island is part of the municipality of Leros.


Flora


Farmakonisi was notable since the ancient times for its very rich flora with several species of herbs growing on the island's surface. The flora is dominated by cedar, while cereals were growing in the small plateau of the island in past times.


References


  1. "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
  2. Plutarch, Life of Caesar, §1
  3. Suetonius, Lives of the 12 Caesars, §JCa.4
  4. "Error". Archived from the original on 2007-12-17. Retrieved 2007-04-22.
  5. Bertarelli (1929) p. 157

Sources





На других языках

[de] Farmakonisi

Die kleine griechische Insel Farmakonisi auch Pharmakonisi oder Farmako (griechisch Φαρμακονήσι (n. sg.)) wird von der Gemeinde Leros in der Region Südliche Ägäis (Περιφέρεια Νότιου Αιγαίου) verwaltet.
- [en] Farmakonisi

[es] Farmakonisi

Farmakonisi[1] (en griego, Φαρμακονήσι, Farmakonī́si; en italiano, Farmaco; en turco, Bulamaç Adası), es una pequeña isla griega de la prefectura del Dodecaneso. También se ha conocido como Pharmakos, Farmaco o Pharmakousa. Forma parte del municipio de Leros y tenía una población de 74 habitantes según el censo de 2001 mientras que en el censo de 2011 la población se redujo a 10 habitantes. Los monumentos históricos más destacados de la isla incluyen la iglesia de Agios Georgios (Άγιος Γεώργιος) y las ruinas cercanas de un antiguo templo romano.

[fr] Farmakonisi

Farmakonisi ou Pharmakonisi[1] (en grec moderne : Φαρμακονήσι ; en français : Pharmacuse) est une petite île de la mer Égée située dans le Dodécanèse et rattachée à l'île de Leros située à environ 25 km.

[it] Farmaco (isola)

Farmaco[1][2][3] (in greco: Φαρμακονήσι, traslitterato: Farmakonisi; anticamente Farmacussa) è un'isola greca delle Sporadi a sud di Mileto [4] Fa parte della regione amministrativa greca dell'Egeo meridionale.

[ru] Фармакониси

Фармакони́си[1][2][3] (Фармако[4][3][5], Фармаконисион[6], греч. Φαρμακονήσιον) — небольшой обитаемый остров в Греции, в архипелаге Додеканес (Южные Спорады). Расположен к востоку от острова Лерос, от которого отделён проливом Фармако, у входа в залив Мандалья (Гюллюк) Эгейского моря[6][2]. Наивысшая точка — гора Мандравеккья высотой 107 м над уровнем моря[4][3][5]. Административно относится к общине Лерос в периферии Южные Эгейские острова. Население 10 человек по переписи 2011 года[7].


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