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The Chorokh (Georgian: ჭოროხი Ch'orokhi, Turkish: Çoruh, Armenian: Չորոխ Ch’vorokh, Greek: Άκαμψις, Akampsis) is a river that rises in the Mescit Mountains in north-eastern Turkey, flows through the cities of Bayburt, İspir, Yusufeli, and Artvin, along the Kelkit-Çoruh Fault, before flowing into Georgia, where it reaches the Black Sea just south of Batumi and a few kilometers north of the Turkish-Georgian border.

Çoruh
Chorokh, Ch'orokhi, Acampsis
Location
CountriesTurkey and Georgia
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationMescit Mountains
MouthBlack Sea
 • coordinates
41.6047°N 41.5742°E / 41.6047; 41.5742
Length438 km (272 mi)[1]
Basin size22,100 km2 (8,500 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • average278 m3/s (9,800 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • rightMachakhelistsqali, Acharistsqali

In Arrian's Periplus Ponti Euxini, it is called the Acampsis (Greek: Άκαμψις); Pliny may have confused it with the Bathys.[2] Procopius writes that it was called Acampsis because it was impossible to force a way through it after it has entered the sea, since it discharges its stream with such force and swiftness, causing a great disturbance of the water before it, that it goes out for a very great distance into the sea and makes it impossible to coast along at that point.[3]

In English, it was formerly known as the Boas, the Churuk, or the Chorokh.[4][5]


Biodiversity


The Ch'orokhi valley lies within the Caucasus ecological zone, which is considered by the World Wide Fund for Nature and by Conservation International as a biodiversity hotspot.[6][7] The Çoruh Valley is recognised by Turkish conservation organisations as an important plant area,[8] an important bird area,[9] a key biodiversity area[10] and has been nominated as a high priority area for protection. This valley is rich in plants and contains 104 nationally threatened plant species of which 67 are endemic to Turkey.[8]


Recreation


The Çoruh has been called "an eco-tourism gem" and "Turkey's last remaining wild river", and is being promoted for whitewater kayaking by the Eastern Anatolia Tourism Development Project.[11] It attracts kayakers and rafters from all over the world and was the site of the 4th World Rafting Championship in 1993[12] and the Coruh Extreme kayak competition in 2005.[13]


Dams


A total of 17 large hydroelectric dams are planned as part of the Çoruh River Development Plan[14] but a total of 27 are proposed for the Çoruh River Catchment. Under the Çoruh Development Plan, 8 dams have been completed (Arkun, Artvin, Borçka, Deriner, Güllübağ, Murtli, Tortum and Yusufeli Dams), another 2 are under construction.[15]

Dam Phase
Tortum Dam Operational – Tortum River (Çoruh tributary)
Muratli Dam Operational
Borçka Dam Operational
Deriner Dam Operational
Olur Dam Planned
Bağlık Dam Planned – Berta River (Çoruh tributary)
Bayram Dam Planned – Berta River (Çoruh tributary)
Artvin Dam Operational
Yusufeli Dam Operational
Altiparmak Dam Planned – Barhal River (Çoruh tributary)
Ayvali Dam Planned – Oltu River (Çoruh tributary)
Olur Dam Planned – Oltu River (Çoruh tributary)
Arkun Dam Operational
Aksu Dam Preliminary construction
Güllübağ Dam Operational
İspir Dam Planned
Laleli Dam Under construction

See also



References


  1. UN Economic Commission for Europe, Our waters: joining hands across borders : first assessment of transboundary, p. 150
  2. William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography, 1:216 (1854).
  3. Procopius, History of the Wars, §8.2
  4. Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition 2:757d
  5. W. Rickmer Rickmers, "Lazistan and Ajaristan", The Geographical Journal 84:6 (Dec., 1934), p. 466. at JSTOR
  6. WWF Global 200 Regions
  7. Conservation International Biodiversity Hotspots
  8. Ozhatay N, Byfield A & Atay S 2005, 122 Important Plant Areas of Turkey, for WWF Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.
  9. Magnin G & Yarar M 1989, Important Bird Area in Turkey, Dogal Hayati Koruma Dernegi, Turkey.
  10. Eken G, Bozdogan M, I˙sfendiyaroglu S, Kılıç DT & Lise Y, (editörler) 2006, Key biodiversity areas in Turkey, Doga Dernegi, Ankara, Turkey.
  11. United Nations Development Programme: Europe & CIS, "Eastern Turkey Becomes Tourist Destination"
  12. Akkus, Cetin; Akkus, Gulizar (2019-01-17). Selected Studies on Rural Tourism and Development. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 22. ISBN 9781527526013.
  13. Coruh Extreme Race
  14. ENCON 2006, ‘Yusufeli Dam and Hydroelectric Power Project Environmental Impact Assessment’, Ankara, Turkey.
  15. "Hydroelectric Power energy Resources" (PDF) (in Turkish). State Hydraulic Works. Retrieved 10 May 2013.

На других языках

[de] Çoruh

Der Çoruh (türkisch) oder Tschorochi (georgisch ჭოროხი) ist ein 376 km langer Fluss, der am Mescit Dağı (3225 m) in der Provinz Erzurum in der nordöstlichen Türkei entspringt.
- [en] Çoruh

[it] Çoruh

Il Çoruh (in turco Çoruh) o Chorokhi (in armeno Ճորոխ, Tchorokh; in georgiano ჭოროხი, Tch'orokhi; in greco Άκαμψις, Akampsis) è un fiume costiero caucasico del mar Nero che nasce e scorre prevalentemente in Turchia e sfocia in Georgia. Ha una lunghezza di 438 km - dei quali solo 22 scorrono in Georgia - e drena un bacino di 22.100 km², una superficie simile grossomodo a quella di paesi come El Salvador o Israele.

[ru] Чорох

Чоро́х (Чору́х-Нехри[1], Чермелидере[2]; тур. Çoruh nehri; груз. ჭოროხი, Чорохи) — река в Турции (412 км) и Грузии (26 км). На реке расположены турецкие города — Артвин и Байбурт, центры одноимённых областей. Длина реки — 438 км.[источник не указан 57 дней] Средний расход воды — 285 м³/с.[источник не указан 57 дней]


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