geo.wikisort.org - Mountains

Schiehallion (/ʃiːˈhæli.ən/;[2] Scottish Gaelic: Sìth Chailleann,[3] IPA: [ʃiˈxaʎən̪ˠ]) is a prominent cone-shaped mountain in the Breadalbane region of the Scottish Highlands, in the county of Perthshire. It rises to 1,083 metres (3,553 ft) and is classed as a Munro. Schiehallion has a rich botanical life, interesting archaeology, and a unique place in scientific history for an 18th-century experiment in "weighing the Earth". It is near the centre of mainland Scotland. The mountain's popularity amongst walkers led to erosion on its footpath and extensive repairs were undertaken in 2001.

Schiehallion
Sìth Chailleann
Schiehallion viewed across the River Tummel.
Highest point
Elevation	1,083 m (3,553 ft)[1]
Prominence	c. 716 m
Parent peak	Ben Lawers
Listing	Munro, Marilyn
Coordinates	56.6668°N 4.1001°W / 56.6668; -4.1001
Naming
English translation	fairy hill of Caledonia
Language of name	Gaelic
Pronunciation	Scottish Gaelic: [ʃiˈxaʎən̪ˠ]
Geography
Schiehallion Perthshire, Scotland
Parent range	Breadalbane, Grampians
OS grid	NN714548
Topo map	OS Landranger 51

Name

The name Schiehallion comes from Scottish Gaelic Sìth Chailleann, meaning "fairy hill of Caledonia" or "-of the Caledonians".[3] Maskelyne (1772), however, reported a translation of "constant storm", and a Lowland Scots name of "Maiden Pap".[4]

Location

Schiehallion lies between Loch Tay, Loch Rannoch and Loch Tummel, about 10 miles (16 kilometres) to the west-north-west of Aberfeldy in Perthshire.[5] The mountain, with an elevation of 1,083 metres (3,553 ft), is isolated from other peaks and has an almost perfectly conical shape from the west. The view of the broad eastern flank attracts many visitors to the shores of Loch Tummel.

Schiehallion is sometimes described as the centre of Scotland, as it lies only 5 km west of the centre of gravity of mainland Scotland. The folk group Gaberlunzie sang a song "The Back of Schiehallion", meaning Scotland.

Botany

The slopes of Schiehallion are rich in botanical life, with heathers, mosses and blaeberry. Blanket bog and heather moorland change colour with the seasons. The limestone pavement provides nutrients, supporting plants including dog's mercury, lily of the valley and wood anemone.[5]

Geology

The majority of Schiehallion consists of quartzite, a rock formed from an original sand by heat and pressure. Quartzite is a white or pinkish rock, in which the dominant mineral is quartz. People often mistakenly think that Schiehallion is an extinct volcano because its shape is reminiscent of an active volcano; in fact, it was formed by sedimentary processes and the shape is the result of erosion by ice during the ice ages.[6]

History

The slopes of Schiehallion have been inhabited and cultivated since the first millennium BC until approximately two hundred years ago.[7] Schiehallion has been used for grazing sheep and stalking red deer.

Since 1999 the eastern side of the mountain has been owned by the John Muir Trust.[8]

The Schiehallion experiment

Schiehallion's isolated position and regular shape led it to be selected by the English astronomer Charles Mason (of Mason–Dixon line fame) for a ground-breaking experiment to estimate the mass of the Earth in 1774.[9] The deflection of a pendulum by the mass of the mountain provided an estimate of the mean density of the Earth, from which its mass and a value for Newton's gravitational constant G could be deduced. Mason turned down a commission to carry out the work, and it was instead coordinated by the Astronomer Royal, Nevil Maskelyne. He was assisted in the task by mathematician Charles Hutton, who devised a graphical system to represent large volumes of surveyed heights, later known as contour lines.[10]

Footpath

A Munro mountain, Schiehallion is popular with walkers due to its accessibility, ease of ascent and views from its summit. An estimated 17,500 to 20,000 walkers made the ascent in 2000.[8] Most walkers start from the Forestry and Land Scotland car park at Brae of Foss, which lies just outside the boundary of the John Muir Trust estate. The route, which initially heads southwest before turning west to follow the main ridgeline of the hill, is about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) in length.

Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the British Isles, can be seen to the west from the summit of Schiehallion.

By 1999, when the John Muir Trust bought the estate, the main path had become exceedingly eroded by the passage of many thousands of walkers. The scar was visible from quite a distance. The organisation therefore decided to construct a new path, following a different line, better able to handle the pressure of visitors.

In culture

The Schiehallion oilfield is named after the mountain.[11] One of the major oilfields on Scotland's continental shelf, it is operated by BP and situated in the North Atlantic approximately 180 mi (290 km) west of Shetland.

Schiehallion was the setting for the final showdown in Grant Morrison's comic series Zenith.

The Harviestoun Brewery produce a cask-conditioned lager called Schiehallion.

A Scottish country dance ("Schiehallion") and figure, the Schiehallion Reel, are both named after the mountain.

The song "Schiehallion" was featured on the 1994 album Time For A New Day by the independent band King Rizla.

Pipe Major Donald Shaw Ramsay composed a 3/4 march entitled "Schiehallion".

The England-based band Schiehallion Pipes and Drums (named for the Munro) led by Drum Major Jim (Jaimie) Gibb, has adopted the march as their signature tune, and is indeed the lead-in tune on their album Hail! Schiehallion.

The Anglo-Swiss power metal band Gloryhammer features a fictional alternate-universe version of Schiehallion in the song "The Fires of Ancient Cosmic Destiny" from the album Legends from Beyond the Galactic Terrorvortex. In the song it is described as having "raging volcanic fires" in reference to the popular misconception of the mountain being a volcano. The protagonist of the album, Angus McFife XIII King of Dundee, ends his life at Schiehallion.[12]

Gallery

• 
  The north-west ridge of Schiehallion in April
• 
  View from the summit of Schiehallion looking over Loch Rannoch into the setting sun
• 
  View from summit of Schiehallion towards Loch Tummel

External links

• 360Routes.com - virtual tours up to the summit of Shiehallion

See also

• List of places in Perth and Kinross
• List of mountains in Scotland
• Maiden Paps
• Breast shaped hills

Footnotes

• Computer generated summit panoramas North

На других языках

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[de] Schiehallion

Schiehallion oder Shehellien (Gälisch: Sìdh Chailleann, ausgesprochen IPA: [.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}ʃiˈxaʎən̪ˠ]) ist ein Berg in der schottischen Council Area Perth and Kinross. Der gälische Name bedeutet Feenberg der Kaledonier.[1] Er wird als Munro und Marilyn eingestuft und ist aufgrund seines einfachen Aufstiegs und der spektakulären Sicht unter Wanderern sehr beliebt. Im Jahr 2000 wurde geschätzt, dass zwischen 17.500 und 20.000 Wanderer den Berg jährlich besteigen.[2] Seit 1999 ist die Ostseite des Berges im Besitz des John Muir Trust.

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- [en] Schiehallion

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[it] Schiehallion

Lo Schiehallion (1.083 m s.l.m.) è un'importante montagna in Perth e Kinross, in Scozia.

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