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Lyskamm (German: Liskamm, formerly Lyskamm, literally "comb of the Lys"), also known as Silberbast (literally "silver bast"),[3][4] is a mountain (4,533 m (14,872 ft)) in the Pennine Alps lying on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It consists of a five-kilometre-long ridge with two distinct peaks. The mountain has gained a reputation for seriousness because of the many cornices lying on the ridge and the frequent avalanches, thus leading to its nickname the Menschenfresser ("people eater").

Lyskamm
North-east side of Lyskamm
Highest point
Elevation4,533 m (14,872 ft)
Prominence381 m Lisjoch[1]
Parent peakMonte Rosa
Isolation3 km (1.9 mi) Zumsteinspitze[2]
Coordinates45°55′21″N 7°50′08″E
Naming
Native nameLiskamm  (German)
English translationLys Ridge
Geography
Lyskamm
Location in the Alps
CountriesItaly and Switzerland
Region/CantonAosta Valley and Valais
Parent rangePennine Alps
Topo mapSwiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo
Climbing
First ascentJ. F. Hardy and party, 1861
Easiest routeBasic glacier/snow climb/scrambling along exposed ridge

Geography


Lyskamm from Western Lyskamm
Lyskamm from Western Lyskamm

Despite a prominence of well over 300 metres, Lyskamm is sometimes considered to be part of the extended Monte Rosa group (in fact the Dufourspitze is only 107 metres higher). But visually Lyskamm is a huge massif, composed of two summits: the Eastern Lyskamm and the lower Western Lyskamm, separated by a 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) long ridge, both lying on the border between the Swiss canton of Valais (north) and the Italian region of the Aosta Valley (south).

The northern side of the mountain is an impressive 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) ice-covered wall, rising up from the Grenzgletscher. The gentler southern side rises only a few hundred metres above the glacier of the same name: Lysgletscher.


Climbing history


The eastern and higher of the two peaks is 4,527 m, and was first ascended in 1861 from the Lisjoch up the east ridge by a 14-man team (seven Englishmen, one Scotsman, and six Swiss guides) led by J. F. Hardy and including William Edward Hall. Others in the party included A. C. Ramsey, F. Sibson, T. Rennison, J. A. Hudson, C. H. Pilkington and R. M. Stephenson. The guides were Franz Josef Lochmatter (1825-1897) of St. Niklaus in the canton Valais, J.-P. Cachet, K. Kerr, S. Zumtaugwald, P. and J.-M. Perren.[5]

Lyskamm above the Grenzgletscher (English: Border Glacier)
Lyskamm above the Grenzgletscher (English: Border Glacier)

The ridge as a whole (as well as the western summit) was first traversed three years later by Leslie Stephen, Edward N. Buxton, Jakob Anderegg and Franz Biener.[5]

The first attempt to climb the imposing north-east face was made in 1880 by the brothers Kalbermatten. They were carried down to the glacier by an avalanche but they survived the accident. On 9 August 1890, L. Norman-Neruda with guides Christian Klucker and J. Reinstadler were the first to reach the summit (Lyskamm East) by the north face, by what is now known as the "Norman-Neruda route".[5] The first winter ascent of this route was made on 11 March 1956 by C. Fosson and O. Frachey.[6]

In 1907, Geoffrey Winthrop Young and his guide traversed the whole ridge two times. Young wanted to traverse the ridge from the Nordend to the Breithorn. They started from Riffelalp at midnight and finished the traverse of the Monte Rosa massif at midday. But after the traverse of the Lyskamm and Castor the guide was too tired. Young, who was very disappointed, convinced him to go back by the Lisjoch before descending to Zermatt, implying a second traverse on the Lyskamm. Young even wanted to continue back to the Nordend but his guide refused to prolong the journey.[5]


Climbing routes


The normal route starts from the Lisjoch, which can be accessed from the Gnifetti Hut (3,650 m) or from the Monte Rosa Hut (2,883 m). The route follows the route taken by the first ascensionist.

The mountain is often climbed as a traverse from the Feliksjoch (West), to the Lisjoch (East) or vice versa. The traverse consists mostly of a narrow, snow-covered ridge, with some scrambling over rocks. In good conditions, this route is fairly easy and objectively safe, however in bad snow conditions and/or bad visibility, the ridge can be challenging because of large, sometimes double, cornices, mainly on the southern side of the ridge.

View from the Lyskamm Nase (south side)
View from the Lyskamm Nase (south side)

Bibliography



See also



References


  1. Retrieved from the Swisstopo topographic maps. The key col is the Lisjoch (4,152 m).
  2. Retrieved from Google Earth. The nearest point of higher elevation is west of the Dufourspitze.
  3. "Liskamm". www.zermatt.ch. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  4. Swindin, Les; Flemming, Peter (1999). Valais Alps East:Selected Climbs. The Alpine Club. p. 150. ISBN 978-0900523625.
  5. Helmut Dumler,Willi P. Burkhardt, Les 4000 des Alpes, ISBN 2-7003-1305-4
  6. Collomb, Robin G., Pennine Alps Central, London: Alpine Club, 1975, p. 92



На других языках


[de] Liskamm

Der Liskamm (früher auch Lyskamm geschrieben) ist ein Berg in den Walliser Alpen östlich des Matterhorns und westlich der Monte-Rosa-Gruppe. Der gewaltige, mehrere Kilometer lange Kamm hat seine höchsten Punkte im Ost- (4533 m) und im niedrigeren Westgipfel (4479 m), der Abstand zwischen den beiden Gipfeln beträgt über einen Kilometer. Der Gipfelgrat krönt die beinahe 1000 m hohe, eisgepanzerte Nordost-Wand, das Schaustück vom Gornergrat (3110 m), der Endstation der Gornergratbahn.
- [en] Lyskamm

[fr] Liskamm

Le Liskamm (ou Lyskamm) est une montagne des Alpes valaisannes à l'est du Cervin et à l'ouest du Mont Rose sur la frontière italo-suisse entre le Valais et la Vallée d'Aoste. Il a un sommet oriental (4 527 ou 4 533 m, 8e sommet alpin) et un sommet occidental (4 477 ou 4 479 m, 11e sommet alpin). Le Liskamm a été parfois surnommé le « mangeur d'homme » à cause des séries de tragédies qui se sont déroulées sur ses arêtes. Ces deux sommets, reliés par une arête longue de deux kilomètres à 4 450 m d'altitude en moyenne, peuvent être faits dans une même course.

[it] Lyskamm

Il Lyskamm, oppure Liskamm, è una montagna nelle Alpi Pennine che fa parte della catena montuosa del Monte Rosa lungo la frontiera italo-svizzera tra la Valle d'Aosta ed il Vallese, tra le località di Gressoney-La-Trinité e Zermatt.

[ru] Лискамм

Лискамм (нем. Liskamm или Lyskamm) — вершина в Пеннинских Альпах на границе Швейцарии, кантон Вале и Италии, провинция Валле-д’Аоста. Высота вершины 4,527 метров над уровнем моря. Лискамм представляет собой пяти-километровый хребет с двумя отчётливыми пиками. Из-за многочисленных нависших снежных глыб на хребте и частых лавин вершина получила прозвище людоед (нем. Menschenfresser) [2].



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