geo.wikisort.org - Mountains

The Dolomites (Italian: Dolomiti [doloˈmiːti]; Ladin: Dolomites; German: Dolomiten [doloˈmiːtn̩] (listen);[1] Venetian: Dołomiti [doɰoˈmiti]: Friulian: Dolomitis), also known as the Dolomite Mountains, Dolomite Alps or Dolomitic Alps, are a mountain range located in northeastern Italy. They form part of the Southern Limestone Alps and extend from the River Adige in the west to the Piave Valley (Pieve di Cadore) in the east. The northern and southern borders are defined by the Puster Valley and the Sugana Valley (Italian: Valsugana). The Dolomites are located in the regions of Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Friuli Venezia Giulia,[2] covering an area shared between the provinces of Belluno, Vicenza, Verona, Trentino, South Tyrol, Udine and Pordenone.

Dolomites
Italian: Dolomiti Ladin: Dolomites German: Dolomiten
The Western Dolomites in Gherdëina
Highest point
Peak	Marmolada
Elevation	3,343 m (10,968 ft)
Coordinates	46°26′N 11°51′E
Dimensions
Area	15,942 km2 (6,155 sq mi)
Geography
Dolomites Location of the Dolomites in the Alps
Country	Italy
Regions	Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Friuli Venezia Giulia
Parent range	Alps
Geology
Orogeny	Alpine orogeny
Age of rock	Mostly Triassic
Type of rock	Sedimentary rocks, dolomite and volcanic rocks

The Dolomites

UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Three Peaks of Lavaredo
Criteria	Natural: vii, viii
Reference	1237
Inscription	2002 (26th Session)
Area	141,902.8 ha
Buffer zone	89,266.7 ha

Other mountain groups of similar geological structure are spread along the River Piave to the east – Dolomiti d'Oltrepiave; and far away over the Adige River to the west – Dolomiti di Brenta (Western Dolomites). A smaller group is called Piccole Dolomiti (Little Dolomites), located between the provinces of Trentino, Verona, and Vicenza.

The Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park and many other regional parks are located in the Dolomites. In August 2009, the Dolomites were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Etymology

The Dolomites, also known as the "Pale Mountains", take their name from the carbonate rock dolomite. This was named after the 18th-century French mineralogist Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu (1750–1801), who was the first to describe the mineral.[3]

History

For millennia, hunters and gatherers had advanced into the highest rocky regions and had probably also climbed some peaks. There is evidence that the Jesuit priest Franz von Wulfen from Klagenfurt climbed the Lungkofel and the Dürrenstein in the 1790s. In 1857 the Briton John Ball was the first to climb Monte Pelmo. Paul Grohmann later climbed numerous peaks such as the Antelao, Marmolata, Tofana, Monte Cristallo, and the Boè. Around 1860 the Agordin mountaineer Simone de Silvestro was the first person to consciously stand on the Civetta. Michael Innerkofler was one of the climbers of the Tre Cime di Lavaredo. Later very important local mountaineers, known for many first ascents, were Angelo Dibona and Giovanni Piaz.[4]

During the First World War, the front line between the Italian and Austro-Hungarian army ran through the Dolomites, where both sides used mines extensively. Open-air war museums are located at Cinque Torri (Five Towers), Monte Piana and Mount Lagazuoi. Many people visit the Dolomites to climb the vie ferrate, protected paths through the rock walls that were created during the war.

A number of long-distance footpaths traverse the Dolomites. They are called alte vie (German: Dolomiten Höhenwege – high paths), and are numbered 1 to 10. The trails take about a week to walk, and are served by numerous rifugi (huts). The first and the most renowned is the Alta Via 1. Radiocarbon dating has been used in the Alta Badia region to demonstrate a connection between landslide activity and climate change.[5]

Geography

The region is commonly divided into the Western and Eastern Dolomites, separated by a line following the Val Badia – Campolongo Pass – Cordevole Valley (Agordino) axis.

Current classification

The Dolomites may be divided into the following ranges:

Tourism and sports

The Dolomites are renowned for skiing in the winter months and mountain climbing, hiking, cycling, and BASE jumping, as well as paragliding and hang gliding in summer and late spring/early autumn.[6][7] Free climbing has been a tradition in the Dolomites since 1887, when 17-year-old Georg Winkler soloed the first ascent of the pinnacle of the Vajolettürme.[8] The main centres include: Rocca Pietore alongside the Marmolada Glacier, which lies on the border of Trentino and Veneto, the small towns of Alleghe, Falcade, Auronzo, Cortina d'Ampezzo and the villages of Arabba, Urtijëi and San Martino di Castrozza, as well as the whole of the Fassa, Gardena and Badia valleys.[9]

The Maratona dles Dolomites, an annual single-day road bicycle race covering seven mountain passes of the Dolomites, occurs in the first week of July.

Other characteristic places are:

• Mount Pasubio and Strada delle 52 Gallerie (a military mule road built during World War I with 52 tunnels)
• Altopiano di Asiago and Calà del Sasso, with 4444 steps, the world's longest staircase open to the public.

Major peaks

Name	metres	feet	Name	metres	feet
Marmolada	3,343	10,968	Pala di San Martino	2,982	9,831
Antelao	3,264	10,706	Rosengartenspitze / Catinaccio	2,981	9,781
Tofana di Mezzo	3,241	10,633	Cima di Fradusta	2,941	9,715
Sorapiss	3,229	10,594	Cimon del Froppa	2,932	9,649
Cristallo	3,221	10,568	Monte Agnèr	2,872	9,416
Monte Civetta	3,220	10,564	Fermedaturm	2,867	9,407
Cima di Vezzana	3,192	10,470	Cima d'Asta	2,848	9,344
Cimon della Pala	3,184	10,453	Cima di Canali	2,846	9,338
Langkofel / Sassolungo	3,181	10,427	Croda Grande	2,839	9,315
Monte Pelmo	3,168	10,397	Vajoletturm / Torri del Vajolet (highest)	2,821	9,256
Dreischusterspitze	3,162	10,375	Sass Maor	2,816	9,239
Boespitze / Piz Boè (Sella group)	3,152	10,342	Cima di Ball	2,783	9,131
Hohe Gaisl (Croda Rossa d'Ampezzo)	3,148	10,329	Cima della Madonna (Sass Maor)	2,751	9,026
Gran Vernel [de]	3,145	10,319	Rosetta	2,741	8,993
Piz Popena	3,143	10,312	Croda da Lago	2,716	8,911
Grohmannspitze (Langkofel)	3,126	10,256	Central Grasleitenspitze	2,705	8,875
Zwölferkofel	3,094	10,151	Schlern	2,562	8,406
Elferkofel	3,092	10,144	Sasso di Mur	2,554	8,380
Piz dles Cunturines	3,064	10,052	Monte Siera[10]	2,443	8,015
Sass Rigais (Geislerspitzen)	3,025	9,925	Cima delle Dodici	2,338	7,671
Kesselkogel (Rosengarten)	3,004	9,856	Monte Pavione	2,336	7,664
Tre Cime di Lavaredo (Drei Zinnen)	2,999	9,839	Cima Palon	2,239	7,346
Fünffingerspitze	2,997	9,833	Cima di Posta	2,235	7,333

Major passes

Name	metres	feet
Ombretta Pass (Campitello to Caprile), footpath	2,738	8,983
Langkofeljoch (Gröden Valley to Campitello), footpath	2,683	8,803
Tschagerjoch (Karersee to the Vajolet Glen), footpath	2,644	8,675
Grasleiten Pass (Vajolet Glen to the Grasleiten Glen), footpath	2,597	8,521
Pravitale Pass (Rosetta Plateau to the Pravitale Glen), footpath	2,580	8,465
Comelle Pass (same to Cencenighe), footpath	2,579	8,462
Rosetta Pass (San Martino di Castrozza to the great limestone Rosetta plateau), footpath	2,573	8,442
Vajolet Pass (Tiers to the Vajolet Glen), footpath	2,549	8,363
Canali Pass (Primiero to Agordo), footpath	2,497	8,193
Tierseralpljoch (Campitello to Tiers), footpath	2,455	8,055
Ball Pass (San Martino di Castrozza to the Pravitale Glen), footpath	2,450	8,038
Forcella di Giralba (Sexten to Auronzo), footpath	2,436	7,992
Col dei Bos (Falzarego Glen to the Travernanzes Glen), footpath	2,313	7,589
Forcella Grande (San Vito to Auronzo), footpath	2,262	7,422
Pordoi Pass (Arabba to Val di Fassa), road	2,250	7,382
Sella Pass (Gröden Valley to Val di Fassa), road	2,244	7,362
Giau Pass (Cortina to Val Fiorentina), road	2,236	7,336
Tre Sassi Pass (Cortina to St Cassian), footpath	2,199	7,215
Valparola Pass (Cortina to St Cassian), road	2,168	7,113
Mahlknechtjoch (Upper Duron Glen to the Seiser Alp), footpath	2,168	7,113
Gardena Pass (Gröden Valley to Colfuschg), road	2,121	6,959
Falzarego Pass (Caprile to Cortina), road	2,117	6,946
Fedaja Pass (Val di Fassa to Caprile), bridle path	2,046	6,713
Valles Pass (Paneveggio to Falcade), road	2,032	6,667
Würzjoch (Eisacktal to Val Badia), road	2,003	6,572
Rolle Pass (Predazzo to San Martino di Castrozza and Primiero), road	1,984	6,509
Forcella Forada (Caprile to San Vito), bridle path	1,975	6,480
San Pellegrino Pass (Moena to Cencenighe), road	1,910	6,267
Campolongo Pass (Corvara to Arabba), road	1,875	6,152
Forcella d'Alleghe (Alleghe to the Zoldo Glen), footpath	1,820	5,971
Tre Croci Pass (Cortina to Auronzo), road	1,808	5,932
Furkel Pass (Mareo to Olang), road	1,759	5,771
Karerpass or Costalunga Pass (Welschnofen to Vigo di Fassa), road	1,753	5,751
Kreuzbergpass or Monte Croce Pass (Innichen and Sexten to the Piave Valley and Belluno), road	1,638	5,374
Ampezzo Pass (Toblach to Cortina and Belluno), path	1,544	5,066
Cereda Pass (Primiero to Agordo), road	1,372	4,501
Toblach Pass (Bruneck to Lienz), railway	1,209	3,967

Major parks

See also

• Alta Via 1
• Belluno
• Brenta Group
• Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park
• Golden age of alpinism
• Italian front (World War I)
• Silver age of alpinism
• Strada delle 52 Gallerie
• Via Ferrata
• White Friday (1916)
• White War

References

Bibliography

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Dolomites, The". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 394.
• Provincia di Belluno, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano-Alto Adige Autonome Provinz Bozen-Südtirol, Provincia di Pordenone, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Provincia di Udine, Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia, 2008. Nomination of the Dolomites for inscription on the World Natural Heritage List UNESCO. Nomination Document. 363 pp. https://web.archive.org/web/20131225070444/http://fondazionedolomitiunesco.org/documentazione-2/01_DOLOMITES_nomination_document_jan2008_1236608233_1294933181.pdf
• "HD Pictures of the main areas of the Dolomites". Bruno Mandolesi.
• "360 degree panorama Dolomites". SiMedia Srl. Archived from the original on 26 January 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
• Roger. "Walks and Via Ferrata in the Dolomites". CommunityWalk.com. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
• "Strada delle 52 Gallerie". Eclectica.
• "Monte Piana in the Dolomites". Eclectica. August 21, 2006.
• "Via Ferrata Lagazuoi Tunnels". Eclectica. August 9, 2006.
• "Up to the Turquoise Lake". Eclectica. August 1, 2006.

External links

• Franco Grisa Timelapse
• North of Italy in 4K - Bashir Abu Shakra
• Dolomites on Hike.uno
• Italian official cartography (Istituto Geografico Militare - IGM); on-line version: www.pcn.minambiente.it
• Report on the via ferrata Bocchette di Brenta

На других языках

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[de] Dolomiten

Die Dolomiten, italienisch Dolomiti, ladinisch Dolomites, sind eine Gebirgsgruppe der Südlichen Kalkalpen, werden aber auch den Südalpen zugerechnet. Sie verteilen sich auf die Regionen Venetien und Trentino-Südtirol in Italien bzw. – zu etwa gleichen Teilen – auf die Provinzen Belluno, Bozen – Südtirol und Trient. Seit 2009 gehören Teile der Dolomiten zum UNESCO-Weltnaturerbe Dolomiten. Sprachlich ist die Region durch deutsch- und italienischsprachige Gebiete charakterisiert, wozu noch eine kleinere Gruppe Ladiner kommt.

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- [en] Dolomites

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[es] Dolomitas

Las/los Dolomitas[lower-alpha 1] (en italiano, Dolomiti; en alemán, Dolomiten; en ladino Dolomites; en friulano, Dolomitis), son un conjunto de macizos montañosos en los Alpes orientales italianos, al sur de la cadena principal alpina, casi en su totalidad incluidos en las regiones del Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige y Friul-Venecia Julia (parte de las provincias de Belluno, Bolzano, Trento, Údine, Pordenone, Vicenza y Verona), con una pequeña parte también incluida en Austria (Dolomitas de Lienz). Es una de las zonas naturales y turísticas más reconocidas de los Alpes, que alberga un parque nacional y nueve parques naturales. Localidades como Cortina d'Ampezzo, Rocca Pietore, Ortisei, Arabba, Selva di Val Gardena y Corvara in Badia viven del turismo, sea naturalista o de deportes de invierno, —tiene una de los mayores zonas de esquí de Europa y la mayor italiana, Dolomiti Superski, con más de 1200 km de pistas—, o escalada.

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[fr] Dolomites

Les Dolomites (en italien : Dolomiti) constituent un massif montagneux des Préalpes orientales méridionales qui s'élève en Italie, à part environ égale entre le Trentin-Haut-Adige et la Vénétie. Il culmine à 3 343 mètres d'altitude à la Marmolada. Massif à géomorphologie bigarrée, il est caractérisé par une abondance de dolomie, roche sédimentaire carbonatée.

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[it] Dolomiti

Le Dolomiti (Dolomiten in tedesco, Dolomites in ladino, Dolomitis in friulano, Dołomiti in veneto), dette anche Monti pallidi, sono un insieme di gruppi montuosi delle Alpi Orientali italiane, a sud della catena principale alpina, quasi interamente comprese nelle regioni di Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige e Friuli-Venezia Giulia (suddivise, in ordine di percentuale di distribuzione, tra le province di Belluno, Bolzano, Trento, Udine, Pordenone, e con una piccola parte compresa anche in Austria, le Dolomiti di Lienz).

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[ru] Доломитовые Альпы

Доломи́товые А́льпы (итал. Dolomiti, нем. Dolomiten) — горный массив в Восточных Альпах, входят в систему Южных Известняковых Альп. Массив располагается в северо-восточной части Италии на территории провинций Беллуно, Больцано, Порденоне, Тренто и Удине. Массив ограничен долинами рек: Изарко (северо-запад), Пустерия (север), Пьяве (восток и юго-восток), Брента (юго-запад) и Адидже (запад)[2]. Протяжённость системы составляет около 150 км, высшая точка — гора Мармолада (3342 м).

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