The Li River or Li Jiang (Chinese: 漓江; pinyin: Lí Jiāng) is the name for the upper reaches of the Gui River in northwestern Guangxi, China. It is part of the Xijiang River system in the Pearl River Basin. The river flows 164 kilometres (102 mi) from Xing'an County to Pingle County, where the karst mountains and river sights highlight the famous Li River cruise.[1]

Li River
Native name	漓江
Location
Country	China
Subdivision	Guangxi
Physical characteristics
Source	Mao'ershan
• location	Xing'an County, Guangxi, China
• coordinates	25.88°N 110.47°E / 25.88; 110.47
Mouth	Gui River
• location	Pingle County, Guangxi, China
• coordinates	24.64°N 110.61°E / 24.64; 110.61
Length	164 km (102 mi)
Discharge
• location	Guilin
• average	215 m3/s (7,600 cu ft/s)

Li River
"Li River" in Simplified Chinese characters
Traditional Chinese	灕江
Simplified Chinese	漓江
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Lí Jiāng IPA [lǐ tɕjáŋ]

Background

The Li River originates in the Mao'er Mountains in Xing'an County and flows in the general southern direction through Guilin, Yangshuo and Pingle. In Pingle the Li River merges with the Lipu River and the Gongcheng River and continues south as the Gui River, which falls into the Xi Jiang, the western tributary of the Pearl River, in Wuzhou.

The upper course of the Li River is connected by the ancient Lingqu Canal with the Xiang River, which flows north into the Yangtze; this in the past made the Li and Gui Rivers part of a highly important waterway connecting the Yangtze Valley with the Pearl River Delta.

The 439-kilometre (273 mi) course of the Li and Gui Rivers is flanked by green hills. Cormorant fishing is often associated with the Lijiang (see bird intelligence).

Li River cruises from Guilin to Yangshuo are famous, attracting millions of visitors a year.[2]

Geology

The Li River and tributaries drain the area from Guilin to Yangshuo, descending from 141 m at Guilin to 103 m at Yangshuo. Mean flow past Guilin is 215 cubic metre per second, and alluvium sediments consisting of well sorted gravels covered by silty sand, form floodplains and terraces along its route. Yet, it is the 2,600 m of Devonian and Carboniferous limestones and karst terrain within the Guilin Basin, that gives the area a dramatic landscape. Two distinctive types of karst are found, Fengcong, and Fenglin, which have evolved for the past 10-20 million years, within the Cenozoic.[2]

Fengcong karst dominates the course of the Li River and is defined as a group of limestone hills with a common limestone base, with deep depressions or dolines between the peaks, and sometimes described as peak cluster depression karst. Hundreds of caves are present in this terrain, with 23 having passages longer than -1 km alongside the Li River gorge. The longest is the Guanyan Cave System which extends from Caoping to Nanxu.[2]

Fenglin dominates the area around Yangshuo and south of Guilin and is defined as isolated limestone hills separated by a flat limestone surface generally covered by loose sediments, and sometimes described as a peak forest plain. The best-known fenglin is the tower karst around Yangshuo. These towers consist of strong and massive limestone forming near vertical sides with base diameters less than 1.5 times their height. The heights of the towers range from 30 to 80 m in the central basin but can be as high as 300 m near the Fengcong. Fenglin evolves from Fengcong by slow and continuous tectonic uplift, associated with the Himalayan orogenic zone, and even slower erosion of the towers.[2]

Famous Show caves in the Guilin area include Qixing Dong and Luti Dong.[2]

Notable features

1. Reed Flute Cave: a limestone cave with a large number of stalactites, stalagmites, stalacto-stalagmites, rocky curtains, and cave corals.
2. Seven-Star Park: the largest park in Guilin.
3. Mountain of Splendid Hues: a mountain consisting of many layers of variously colored rocks.
4. Elephant-Trunk Hill: a hill that looks like a giant elephant drinking water with its trunk. It is a symbol of the city of Guilin.
5. Lingqu Canal: dug in 214 BC, is one of ancient China's three big water conservation projects and the oldest existing canal in the world.
6. Other attractions include Duxiu Peak, Nanxi Park, the Taohua River, the Giant Banyan, and the Huashan-Lijiang National Folklore Park.

The imagery of the Li River is featured in the fifth series of the 20 yuan note.

Gallery

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
  This is the view from the banks of the Li River, as pictured on the 20 Yuan note. Just on the outskirts of Xingping Town.
• 
  Locals playing in the Guilin section of the Li River in Guanxi Province, China.
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
  The town of Yangshuo

Guilin

See also

• Geography of China
• List of rivers in China

References

• Geographic data related to Li River at OpenStreetMap

На других языках

[de] Li Jiang

[es] Río Li

[it] Lijiang (fiume)

[ru] Гуйцзян