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Caño Cristales ([ˈka.ɲo kɾisˈt̪ales]; English: Crystal Channel) is a Colombian river located in the Serrania de la Macarena province of Meta, and is a tributary of the Guayabero River. It was found in 1969, by a group of cattle farmers. The river is commonly called the "River of Five Colors" or the "Liquid Rainbow," and is noted for its striking colors.[1][2] The bed of the river from the end of July through November is variously colored yellow, green, blue, black, and especially red, the last caused by Macarenia clavigera plants (family Podostemaceae) on the riverbed.[3]

Caño Cristales
liquid rainbow, river of five colours
Caño Cristales
Location
CountryColombia
DepartmentMeta
Physical characteristics
SourceSerranía de la Macarena
MouthGuayabero River
Length100 km (62 mi)

Geography


The quartzite rocks of the Serrania de la Macarena tableland formed approximately 1.2 billion years ago. They are a western extension of the Guiana Shield of Venezuela.

Caño Cristales is a fast-flowing river with many rapids and waterfalls. Small circular pits known as giant's kettles can be found in many parts of the riverbed, which have been formed by pebbles or chunks of harder rocks. Once one of these harder rock fragments falls into one of the cavities, it is rotated by the water current and begins to carve at the cavity wall, increasing the dimensions of the pit. Caño Cristales is said to contain no fish.


Fauna and flora


Macarenia clavigera
Macarenia clavigera

The Serranía de la Macarena is located on the border of three large ecosystems, each of them with high diversity of flora and fauna: the Andes, the Eastern Llanos, and the Amazon rainforest. Plant and animal life are struggling with the lack of nutrients on the solid rock surface of the tableland and have developed diverse adaptations. The representative biome of the Serranía de La Macarena is the hydrophytic rainforest: hot, warm, and cold. The tableland is home to about 420 species of birds, 10 species of amphibians, 43 species of reptiles, and eight primates.

Caño Cristales river has a wide variety of aquatic plants. The water of the river is extremely clear due to the lack of nutrients and small particles. Almost unique is the bright red - pink coloration of riverbed after the rainy period in the end of June - November. This color is caused by great quantities of endemic plant species Macarenia clavígera. This plant is found in some more local rivers, such as the Caño Siete Machos. These red plants adhere tightly to rocks in places where the river has faster current.


References


  1. Catchpole, Karen. "Colombia's 'Liquid Rainbow'". Retrieved 2018-01-14.
  2. "Caño Cristales". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
  3. "Macarenia Clavigera: la planta acuática de Caño Cristales". Caño Cristales (in European Spanish). 2015-01-11. Retrieved 2018-01-14.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caño Cristales.


На других языках

[de] Caño Cristales

Der Caño Cristales ist ein Fluss im Departamento del Meta in Kolumbien, der im Nationalpark Serranía de la Macarena, einer Bergkette, entspringt und in den Guayabero mündet. Wegen seiner Farbenvielfalt von Juli bis November wird er als „Fünf-Farben-Fluss“[1] oder als „Flüssiger Regenbogen“[2] bezeichnet. Die Farben stammen vom Pflanzenbewuchs auf dem Flussgrund und variieren zwischen Gelb, Grün, Blau, Schwarz und Rot. In Rot erscheinen zum Beispiel die Pflanzen der Macarenia clavigera[3] aus der Familie der Podostemaceae.
- [en] Caño Cristales

[es] Caño Cristales

Caño Cristales es un río de Colombia que está ubicado en la sierra de la Macarena, en el municipio del mismo nombre, en el departamento del Meta. Ha sido denominado «el río de los dioses», «el río de los siete colores», «el arco iris que se derritió» e, incluso, «el río más hermoso del mundo»,[1] ya que en su fondo se reproducen plantas acuáticas que con la exposición al sol cambian de color en un proceso que va desde el verde hasta un rojo intenso. Esto produce el efecto visual de estar frente a un río de seis colores: rojo, amarillo y verde, por las plantas; negro, por el agua de selva que baja por allí; azul, por el reflejo del cielo; y blanco, por la espuma formada por las caídas de agua.

[it] Caño Cristales

Il Caño Cristales (letteralmente "canale di cristallo") è un fiume della Colombia localizzato nella Serranía de la Macarena, nel dipartimento di Meta, ed è un tributario del fiume Guayabero, parte del bacino dell'Orinoco. Il fiume è comunemente noto come il Fiume dei cinque colori o l'Arcobaleno liquido[1]. Il letto del fiume infatti da fine luglio a novembre si colora di cinque diversi colori: giallo, verde, azzurro, nero e soprattutto rosso, l'ultimo colore è causato dalla Macarenia clavigera[2][3] (Podostemaceae[4]) una pianta acquatica presente sul fondo del fiume[5]. È considerato uno dei più particolari fiumi della Terra tanto che il National Geographic lo ha descritto come sembrare provenire dal "Giardino dell'Eden"[6][7].

[ru] Каньо-Кристалес

Каньо-Кристалес (исп. Caño Cristales) — река в Колумбии. Правый приток реки Лосада (приток Гуаяберо).


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