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The Rock of Guatapé (Spanish: El Peñól de Guatapé)[1][2] is a landmark inselberg in Colombia. It is located in the town and municipality of Guatapé, Antioquia.[3] It is also known as The Stone of El Peñol, or simply La Piedra or El Peñol (La Piedra del Peñol),[2] as the town of El Peñol, which borders Guatapé, has also historically claimed the rock as their own and thus has led to different names for the site.

El Peñól de Guatapé
The Rock of Guatapé.
Highest point
Elevation2,135 m (7,005 ft)
Coordinates6°13′10″N 75°10′45″W
Geography
El Peñól de Guatapé
CountryColombia
StateAntioquia
Parent rangeCentral Ranges, Andes
Geology
Mountain typeGranite dome
Climbing
First ascentPrehistoric

The landform is a granitic rock remnant that has resisted weathering and erosion, likely as result of being less fractured than the surrounding bedrock. The Peñón de Guatapé is an outcrop of the Antioquia Batholith[3] and towers up to 200 meters (656 feet) above its base. Visitors can scale the rock via a staircase with 708 steps built into one side.

Near the base of the Rock, there are food and market stalls for shopping. About halfway up the stairs, there is a shrine to the Virgin Mary. The summit contains a three-story viewpoint tower, a convenience store, and a seating area.


History


According to geologists, the rock is approximately 65 million years old. The indigenous Tahamí, former inhabitants of this region, worshiped the rock and called it in their language mojarrá or mujará (meaning 'rock' or 'stone').

The rock was first officially climbed in July 16, 1954, when Luis Eduardo Villegas López, Pedro Nel Ramírez, and Ramón Díaz climbed the rock in a five-day endeavor, using sticks that were fixed against the rock's wall.[4]

A new species of plant, named Pitcairnia heterophylla by a German scientist, was found on the top of the rock.

A viewing spot was built on top of the rock, where it is possible to acquire handicrafts, postcards, and other local goods. It is possible to see the 500 km shore-perimeter dam. There are 649 steps to the uppermost step atop the building at the summit, a fact reinforced by yellow numbers also seen in the climb up the stairs.

In the 1940s, the Colombian government declared it a National Monument.[5]


Graffiti


Side with graffiti
Side with graffiti

On the western face of the stone there are painted large white letters "G" and an incomplete "U" (only the single vertical stroke was completed, resembling an "I"). The towns of Guatapé and El Peñol had long disputed ownership of the rock, and the residents of Guatapé decided to settle the matter by painting the town's name on the rock in huge white letters. It did not take long for the residents of El Peñol to notice the work, and a large mob was assembled to stop it, leaving behind the unfinished graffiti.

Interactive map of El Peñón de Guatapé

Properties


The rock rises from the bottom of the hydroelectric dam of Peñon de Guatapé. This monolith was spotted as a border landmark between country farms and the two cities.

At its highest part, on the rear (southeast side), it has an elevation of 2,135 metres (7,005 ft) above sea level, with an average temperature of 18 °C (64 °F). The "Peñol" is 285 metres (935 ft) long and 110 metres (360 ft) wide. It has some breaks, one of which was used to construct the 740 steps of the stairway[6] to the summit.

The Stone of Peñol is composed of quartz, feldspar and granite.




See also



References


  1. Official Guatapé Site
  2. Jens Porup; Kevin Raub; Robert Reid (6 June 2009). Colombia 5. Lonely Planet. p. 216. ISBN 978-1-74104-827-8. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
  3. García, Carolina; Hermelin, Michel (2016). "Inselbergs Near Medellín". In Hermelin, Michel (ed.). Landscapes and Landforms of Colombia. Springer. p. 219. ISBN 978-3-319-11800-0.
  4. Álvaro Idarraga (2006). "El Zócalo", Guatapé: Museo Histórico de Guatapé.
  5. Guatapé's Major Office
  6. La Guía Verde Colombia: Actualizada Práctica Completa Para todos los viajeros. MICHELIN. 1 January 2011. p. 258. ISBN 978-2-06-716548-9. Retrieved 18 December 2012.



На других языках

[de] Fels von Guatapé

Der Fels von Guatapé (spanisch El Peñón de Guatapé),[1] auch Fels von El Peñol (spanisch La Piedra de El Peñol) oder einfach La Piedra or El Peñol,[2] ist ein auffälliger Inselberg (manchmal auch als „Monolith“ bezeichnet) aus Granit in Kolumbien. Er liegt in der Gemeinde Guatapé, Antioquia.[3] Die an Guatapé grenzende Gemeinde El Peñol erhebt ebenfalls Anspruch auf den Fels. Der Fels ist Teil des Antioquia-Batholiths.
- [en] El Peñón de Guatapé

[es] Piedra del Peñol

El peñón de Guatapé, o piedra del Peñol, es un monolito de 220 metros de altura, localizado en el término municipal de Guatapé, Antioquia, Colombia.[1] La piedra de El Peñol es una masa granítica, compuesta por cuarzo, feldespato y mica, fue escalada por primera vez en 16 de julio de 1954 por un habitante de la zona, Luis Eduardo Villegas López. Actualmente se puede acceder a su cumbre subiendo los 715 escalones construidos en el monolito.[2]

[fr] Peñón de Guatapé

Le Peñón de Guatapé, aussi appelé Piedra del Peñol, est un monolithe de 220 mètres de haut situé à Guatapé, dans le département d'Antioquia, en Colombie.

[ru] Эль-Пеньон-де-Гуатапе

Эль-Пеньон-де-Гуатапе (исп. El Peñón de Guatapé), также известная как Пьедра-де-Гуатапе (исп. Piedra de Guatapé) и Пьедра-дель-Пеньол (исп. Piedra del Peñol) — отдельно стоящая скала между городками Гуатапе и Эль-Пеньол[es] в департаменте Антьокия, Колумбия.


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