geo.wikisort.org - Island

Vanikoro (sometimes wrongly named Vanikolo) is an island in the Santa Cruz group, located 118 kilometres (73 miles) to the Southeast of the main Santa Cruz group. It is part of the Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands.

Vanikoro

Vanikoro from space. Courtesy NASA
Geography
Archipelago	Santa Cruz Islands
Area	173 km2 (67 sq mi)
Administration
Solomon Islands
Province	Temotu
Demographics
Population	1293 (2009)
Ethnic groups	Melanesian, Polynesian

The name Vanikoro is always used as though it referred to a single island, due to both its geophysical and cultural unity. However, technically it is a group of several nearby islands surrounded by a single belt of coral reef. Only the two major islands are inhabited: the bigger one Banie, and the smaller one Teanu (or Tevai). Other, uninhabited islets in the Vanikoro group include Manieve, Nomianu and Nanunga. The total area of the Vanikoro group is 173 square kilometres (66.8 square miles).

Population and languages

The 1,293 inhabitants of Vanikoro[2] consist of two different populations, who tend to live separately.

The Melanesian majority, about 800 people, are the descendants of the original population of Vanikoro. As far as we know, they have been present on the island since Lapita times – about 3,200 years ago.

A minority of about 500 individuals are of Polynesian descent: they have migrated from the island of Tikopia, an island lying 200 kilometres (124 miles) eastwards, which they identify as their origin. They established their first settlements on Vanikoro about 400 years ago on the southern coast of Banie. In 1893, many Tikopians returned to Tikopia as a result of the Solomon Islands having been declared a British protectorate.^{[further explanation needed]}; but several Tikopians returned to Vanikoro in the 1900s. The two major villages are Murivai and Taumako Bay.

The three languages spoken by the Melanesian population of Vanikoro are all Oceanic, of the Temotu subgroup:[3]

• Teanu or Buma (800 speakers)
• Lovono or Vano (4 speakers)
• Tanema (1 speaker)

The Tikopian settlers speak a Polynesian language, Tikopian or fakatikopia.

History

The first sighting of Vanikoro by Europeans was in September 1595, by the second Spanish expedition of Álvaro de Mendaña. It was sighted by Lorenzo Barreto, while in command of one of the smaller vessels on a voyage around the then Santa Cruz, which is today's Nendo Island.[4][5]

The French explorer Jean-François de La Pérouse was stranded on Vanikoro after both his vessels, La Boussole and the Astrolabe, struck the then unknown reefs of the island in 1788. It is reported[6] that some of the men were killed by the local inhabitants, while the surviving sailors built a smaller vessel and left the island, but were never seen again. Those that remained on the island died before search parties arrived in 1826. Jules Verne dedicates a chapter of his novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea to this event.[7] Author Naomi Williams' novel Landfalls explores the Lapérouse expedition in depth.[8]

Chapter 1, Coral Sea, of James Michener's novel, Tales of the South Pacific, is set on the island of Vanicoro.

Environment

Vanikoro is largely forested, with an annual rainfall of 5,000 mm. Most of its human population is engaged in subsistence farming. It has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports populations of endemic Vanikoro monarchs and Vanikoro white-eyes, as well as of red-bellied fruit doves, pied goshawks, palm lorikeets, cardinal myzomelas, Polynesian trillers and rusty-winged starlings.[9] The Vanikoro flying fox is endemic to the island.

Notes

References

• Vanikoro Island (archived link)
• Resources on the languages of Vanikoro (introduction to the dictionary of Teanu), by linguist A. François.

На других языках

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[de] Vanikoro

Vanikoro oder Vanikolo ist eine Insel in der Temotu-Provinz der Salomon-Inseln (SW-Pazifik) und wird als Teil der Santa-Cruz-Inseln angesehen. Die lokale Bezeichnung lautet Banie. Benachbarte Inseln sind Utupua (etwa 40 km nordwestlich von Vanikoro) und die kleine Insel Tikopia (ca. 210 km südöstlich).

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- [en] Vanikoro

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[es] Vanikoro

Las islas Vanikoro (o Vanikolo), son un archipiélago que forma parte de las Islas Santa Cruz. Administrativamente se engloban en la provincia de Temotu, dentro del territorio de las Islas Salomón. La mayor isla es Banie. Las otras islas son Tevai, Manieve, Nomianu y Nanuga. Las islas tienen una población de 800 habitantes y una superficie cercana a los 173 km²

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[fr] Vanikoro

Vanikoro est un groupe d'îles[2] du sud de l'archipel des îles Santa Cruz, la partie la plus orientale des îles Salomon, en mer de Corail.

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[it] Vanikoro

Le isole Vanikoro (chiamate anche isole Vanikolo) sono un gruppo di isole, parte delle Isole di Santa Cruz, appartenenti a loro volta all'arcipelago di Salomone. L'isola maggiore è Banie, le altre isole sono Tevai, Manieve, Nomianu e Nanuga.

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[ru] Ваникоро

Ваникоро (англ. Vanicoro) — небольшой гористый остров и скопление островов в западной части Тихого океана. Относится к островной дуге Санта-Крус — Новые Гебриды. Административно входит в состав провинции Темоту государства Соломоновы Острова. Примерно в 40 км к северо-западу расположен остров Утупуа, в 140 км к юго-востоку — остров Тикопиа.

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