The source of the Adan River is in the Washim district of Maharashtra. The Arunavati River meets the Adan River about 13 kilometres before it joins the Painganga River. The river dries up in the summer, leaving only pools towards the end of its course.
Two dams have been built on the Adan; one at its origin near Sonala village and the other near Karanja Lad city, both in Washim District. The river then flows shrubland.
Adan Dam was built in 1977 near Karanja Lad, Washim district around 13km from where the Adan River meets the Painanga.[1]
Environmental Impact of the Adan Dam
In two separate reports on the environmental impact of the Adan Dam on the aquatic biodiversity of the river and the surrounding fishing communities in 2008 and 2012, Dr Nilesh K. Heda reported the following effects:[1][2]
Effect on Fishing Communities: The new reservoir has led to large areas of the river becoming inaccessible to local anglers who cannot fish for most of the year due to the low water level. The construction of the dam has led to high levels of siltation and hydrophyte growth. These changes have led to the local Bhoi people having to rely less on their more sustainable, traditional fishing techniques.
Effect on Aquatic Ecosystem: The diversity and abundance of fish has declined since the construction of the dam. Some species of fish have been completely wiped out from the area of the river about the dam (namely eutropiichthys vacha, anguilla bengalensis bengalensis, barilius species, tor khudree, tor mussullah, and gonoproktopterus kolus). Heda reports that local elders noticed that, as well as fish species, otters and tortoises had also been wiped out.
Fish of Adan River
The following species were found to be present in the Adan river by Dr Nilesh Heda:[3]
Acanthocobitis moreh
Amblypharyngodon mola
Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis
Barilius bendelisis
Other barilius species
Chanda nama
Channa orientalis
Channa punctatus
Channa striatus
Cirrhinus fulungee
Danio aequipinnatus
Other danio species
Garra mullya
Glossogobius giuris
Gonoproktopterus kolus
Labeo rohita
Lepidocephalus thermalis
Macrognathus aral
Mastacembelus armatus
Mystus bleekeri
Mystus cavasius
Other mystus species
Nemacheilus species
Notopterus notopterus
Ompok bimaculatus
Oreochromis mossambica
Oreonectes evezardi
Osteobrama cotio peninsularis
Osteobrama vigorsii
Parambassis ranga
Puntius amphibius
Puntius sarana sarana
Puntius sophore
Other puntius species
Puntius ticto
Rasbora daniconius
Rita species
Salmostoma horai
Salmostoma novacula
Schistura denisoni denisoni
Thynnichthys sandkhol
Tor khudree
Tor mussulah
Tor tor
Wallago attu
Xenentodon cancila
Local People
The local Bhoi people live in fishing communities on the banks of the river. The Bhoi are traditionally dependent upon the Adan for food and so their traditional way of life is at risk due to depleting fish resources.[1]
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