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Mount Bulusan, also known as Bulusan Volcano, is a stratovolcano on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Located in the province of Sorsogon in the Bicol Region, it is 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Mayon Volcano and approximately 390 kilometres (240 mi) southeast of the Philippine capital of Manila.

Mount Bulusan
Bulusan Volcano
Bulusan volcano seen here from the west
Highest point
Elevation1,565 m (5,135 ft)[1]
Prominence1,547 m (5,075 ft)[2][3]
Listing
Coordinates12°46′12″N 124°03′00″E[1]
Geography
Bulusan Volcano
Location within Sorsogon
Bulusan Volcano
Bulusan Volcano (Luzon)
Bulusan Volcano
Bulusan Volcano (Philippines)
CountryPhilippines
RegionBicol Region
ProvinceSorsogon
City/municipality
Geology
Mountain typeStratovolcano
Volcanic arc/beltBicol Volcanic Chain
Last eruptionJune 12, 2022[4]

It is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines.


Physical features


Bulusan is classified by volcanologists as a stratovolcano (or a composite cone) and covers the northeast rim of Irosin caldera that was formed about 40,000 years ago. It has a peak elevation of 1,565 m (5,135 ft) above sea level with a base diameter of 15 km (9.3 mi).

Around the mountain are four craters and four hot springs. The first crater, called Blackbird Lake, is 20 m (66 ft) in diameter and 15 m (49 ft) deep. The second crater is oval, with dimensions of 60 by 30 m (197 by 98 ft) and 15 m (49 ft). The third crater is about 90 m (300 ft) in diameter and 20 m (66 ft) deep, while the fourth, which is near the northeastern rim opened during the 1981 eruption. There is also a 100-metre (330 ft) fissure measuring 5 to 8 m (16 to 26 ft) wide below this crater.

The volcano's hot springs are:

Adjacent volcanic edifices are:


Eruptions


Bulusan is generally known for its sudden, steam-driven or phreatic explosions. It has erupted 15 times since 1885 and is the fourth most active volcano in the Philippines after Mayon, Taal, and Kanlaon.


Evacuation procedures


There are evacuation procedures in place for parts of the peninsula; the farms nearest the volcano are to be evacuated, and many village schools will be closed if a more destructive eruption is possible.


Recent activity



March–June 2006


The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) declared alert level 1 on March 19, 2006, after it recorded increased seismic unrest. On June 8, 2006, volcanologists raised the alert level to 2 (moderate level of seismic unrest) after the volcano spewed ash. On June 9, the resulting ash cloud damaged a number of houses in the nearby town of Casiguran, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the volcano, and reached Sorsogon City, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Bulusan.

On June 13, 2006, volcanologists said new craters were created by mild explosions. Aside from the new craters, two of the volcano's existing four craters appeared to have merged and cracks were observed on the western rim of the summit crater. Another eruption took place on April 8, 2007.[5]


July–October 2007


Mount Bulusan in active mode in February 2007
Mount Bulusan in active mode in February 2007

Following some signs of volcanic activity, on the morning of July 31, 2007, 9:37 am (local time), there was a loud explosion described by locals as "like a bomb going off". A cloud of steam and ash shot into the air from Mount Bulusan to a height of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi), drifting and blanketing the surrounding countryside. The eruption lasted for 20 minutes.[6]


November 2010


On November 7, 2010, PHIVOLCS recorded increased seismic activity at Bulusan Volcano, 24 hours after the active volcano spewed a 600-metre (2,000 ft) ash column and grayish steam on November 5, 2010. State volcanologists noted that at least 10 volcanic earthquakes and four explosion-type events have been documented subsequent to the emission of ash and steam at 8 a.m. on Saturday (November 5, 2010). PHIVOLCS also noted that steaming activity was characterized by strong emission of white steam column that reached a maximum height of 200 meters above the crater rim. It warned the public not to enter the four-kilometer permanent danger zone from the volcano. People near the valleys and streams were also advised to be "extra alert" against sediment-laden stream flows in the event of heavy rains.[7] More ash ejection was reported on November 8–9, 2010, with ash fall in Juban and Irosin . A PHIVOLCS bulletin on November 9, 2010, stated that eight volcanic earthquakes were recorded from the volcano during the past 24 hours and weak to moderate emission of ash explosion was observed. PHIVOLCS also warned residents near valleys and streams against sediment-laden stream flows in the event of heavy and continuous rainfall.[8]


February 2011


After months of little activity, the volcano suddenly erupted and released a plume of ash 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) high, after water reacted with the hot magma. PHIVOLCS has said such explosions are likely to continue for the coming weeks. Initially, hundreds of nearby residents evacuated on their own, but the government has stepped in to evacuate thousands more, and imposed a 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) travel ban around the crater. They also advised airplanes to avoid the immediate perimeter due to ash and debris in the air.[9][10]


July 2014


On July 13, 2014, during the 24-hour observation period, the seismic network detected thirteen volcanic earthquakes.[11]


May–June 2015


Mount Bulusan ejected a 250 m (820 ft) ash plume on May 1, 2015, at around 9:46 pm, lasting for 3.5 minutes. The incident is classified as a "minor explosion event" by PHIVOLCS leading to the raising of alert level 1 (abnormal activity) for the surrounding area. A second ash explosion lasting for five minutes also occurred on the same day. PHIVOLCS determined the cause of the eruptions to be hydrothermal activity beneath the volcano. People were advised not to enter the 4 km (2.5 mi) permanent danger zone. Further advisories were given to low-flying aircraft against the dangers of sudden phreatic eruptions, and to local residents near rivers and streams in case of lahar flows.[12][13][14] There were also concerns that rains from Typhoon Noul could trigger lahars and mudslides near the mountain.[15] However, after Noul recurved to the north, the threat did not materialize and the evacuees were permitted to return to their homes.[16]

On June 16, Mount Bulusan generated two volcanic eruptions with the first one recorded at 11:02 am which lasted for 10 minutes producing a one kilometer high grayish steam and ash plume and accompanied by rumbling sounds. The second one was recorded at 11:20 am which lasted for a minute producing only a small ash plume.[17] On June 18, the volcano once again erupted but was not observed visually due to thick clouds covering the summit. Prior to the eruption, rumbling sounds was heard between 5:00 am to 7:00 am by residents of the village of Monbon in Irosin town. The next day, June 19, Bulusan erupted yet again at around 2:55 pm producing a 1.5-kilometer high ash plume.[18]


June 2016


On June 10, almost a year after its last eruption, Mount Bulusan erupted again at 11:35 am. The eruption lasted for five minutes and generated an ash plume measuring 6,562 feet or some 2,000 meters.[19] According to PHIVOLCS, the eruption was phreatic in nature and had a shallow source, with the ash drifting northwest to the direction of Juban town.[20] While the PHIVOLCS did not raise the alert level 1 in the volcano, it advised residents not to enter the four-kilometer permanent danger zone and warned pilots not to fly near the volcano.[21]


December 2016


On December 29, Mount Bulusan had a phreatic eruption, shooting a plume of ash about two kilometers high. It happened 2:40 pm local time and lasted for about 16-minutes. The eruption prompted PHIVOLCS to raise Alert level 1 for the surrounding areas and remind the public not to enter the 4-kilometer radius permanent danger zone.[22]


May 2019


On May 6, PHIVOLCS reported that two volcanic earthquakes were recorded during the past 24 hours. Wispy emission of white steam-laden plumes from the active vents was observed. alert level 1 (abnormal) status remains in effect.[23]


July 2020


PHIVOLCS raised the alert status of Bulusan Volcano from alert level 0 to alert level 1 after an increase in seismic activity was observed in the past days. PHIVOLCS reminded the public of the 4-km permanent danger zone (PDZ) around the Bulusan Volcano as sudden explosions might occur.[24]

Timelapse video of Bulusan Volcano after its eruption on June 12, 2022

May 2021


On May 11, PHIVOLCS raised the alert status of Bulusan Volcano from alert level 0 to alert level 1 due to increased seismic activity since May 8, 2021.[25]


June 2022


On June 5, 2022, PHIVOLCS reported that Mount Bulusan had a phreatic eruption at about one-kilometer, and the alert level status was raised to alert level 1.[26] Ash fall was reported in Juban and Casiguran.[27][28][29] The DOH advised the public to remain indoors.[30] The local government of Juban ordered residents to evacuate from affected areas.[31] Other agencies were advised to monitor the situation,[32] while the NDRRMC reported at least 180 individuals from Juban have been evacuated.[33] On June 12, a phreatic eruption took place at 3:37 am (local time) and lasted for about 18 minutes.[4]


See also



References


  1. "Bulusan". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved June 12, 2006.
  2. "Bulusan Volcano, Philippines". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved May 3, 2014.
  3. "Philippines Mountains". Peaklist.org. Retrieved May 3, 2014.
  4. "Bulusan Volcano erupts anew; Alert Level 1 remains —PHIVOLCS". GMA News. June 12, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  5. "Easter Sunday alert: Bulusan explodes; Taal acting up, too". GMA News. April 8, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  6. Barcia, Rhaydz (August 1, 2007). "Bulusan eruption 2007's 25th, big bang possible". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  7. de Vera, Ellalyn B. (November 7, 2010). "Bulusan Volcano Shows Increased Seismic Activity". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  8. "Bulusan volcano spews more ash". ABS-CBN News. November 9, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  9. "Child dies under volcanic ash cloud in Philippines". Agence France-Presse. February 23, 2011. Archived from the original on February 25, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2022 via Yahoo! News.
  10. "Philippine volcano erupts twice in 24 hours". CNN. February 21, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  11. Sabillo, Kristine Angeli (July 13, 2014). "Mt. Bulusan acting up". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
  12. Mangosing, Frances. "Bulusan 'abnormal;' Alert Level 1 up – Phivolcs". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
  13. Amo, Cesar (May 7, 2015). "Phivolcs sends team to Bulusan". The Philippine Star. Legazpi, Philippines. Archived from the original on May 8, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
  14. Geronga, Jean Rose (May 7, 2015). "Alert Level 1: Mount Bulusan spews 250-meter ash plume". CNN Philippines. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
  15. "Typhoon Noul: Philippines evacuates residents threatened by typhoon, volcano". ABC News. May 8, 2015. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  16. "Typhoon intensifies as it zeroes in on northern tip of Philippines; 1,400 evacuated". U.S. News & World Report. May 10, 2015. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  17. "Bulusan Volcano ejects ashes anew; classes suspended in two towns". Philippine Information Agency. June 16, 2015. Archived from the original on June 21, 2015. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  18. Arguelles, Mar S. (June 19, 2015). "Bulusan blows top anew, sends 1.5-km ash column". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  19. Gepuela, Lou (June 10, 2016). "Mount Bulusan erupts". Rappler. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  20. Luces, Nico (June 10, 2016). "Mt. Bulusan spews ashes anew". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  21. "Bulusan Volcano in Sorsogon erupts". CNN Philippines. June 10, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  22. "LOOK: Bulusan spews 2000-meter ash column". ABS-CBN News. December 29, 2016.
  23. "Alert level 1 up on Mt. Bulusan". CNN Philippines. May 5, 2019. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  24. "Alert Level 1 up over Bulusan Volcano in Sorsogon". The Philippine Star. July 6, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  25. Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (May 11, 2021). "Phivolcs raises Alert Level 1 over Mount Bulusan amid increased seismic activity". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  26. Parrocha, Azer; Calipay, Connie (June 5, 2022). "Phivolcs raises Alert Level 1 over Bulusan Volcano". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  27. "Bulusan Volcano under Alert Level 1 due to phreatic eruption". Rappler. June 5, 2022. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  28. Cabristante, Raffy (June 5, 2022). "Phivolcs reports phreatic eruption at Bulusan Volcano". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved June 5, 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. Lema, Karen; Portugal, Adrian (June 5, 2022). Mallard, William (ed.). "Philippines raises alert level at restive volcano after spewing cloud of ash". Reuters. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  30. Doctor, Mel Matthew. "DOH advises public to stay indoors due to ashfall from Bulusan Volcano". GMA News. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  31. Mier-Manjares, Ma April (June 5, 2022). "Juban town orders forced evacuation of residents affected by ashfall from Mt. Bulusan". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  32. Fernandez, Daniza (June 5, 2022). "Gov't agencies on standby 24/7 amid restive Bulusan Volcano – Palace". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  33. Mier-Manjares, Daniza Fernandez, Ma April (June 6, 2022). "180 residents evacuated as Mt. Bulusan rumbles". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.



На других языках


[de] Bulusan

Bulusan oder Mount Bulusan oder Bulusan Vulkan ist der südlichste Vulkan auf der Insel Luzon auf den Philippinen. Er liegt in der Provinz Sorsogon in der Region Bicol, 70 Kilometer südwestlich des Vulkans Mayon und circa 250 Kilometer südöstlich der Hauptstadt Manila. Der Berg ist seit 1934 Teils des Bulusan-Volcano-Nationalparks.
- [en] Mount Bulusan

[es] Monte Bulusán

El monte Bulusán es un volcán activo al extremo sudeste de la isla Luzón, en la provincia de Sorsogon, región de Bícol, Filipinas. Es un estratovolcán. El cráter del volcán tiene una altitud de 300 m (1000 pies) de diámetro con numerosos flujos de lava por los lados. Hay tres cráteres del lado sudoeste; los más bajos son lagos. Las islas de Masbate y Ticao están al sudoeste. Bulusán ha hecho erupción al menos 13 veces desde 1886, la última vez en 1988.

[fr] Bulusan (volcan)

Le Bulusan est un volcan des Philippines, situé dans le Sud de l'île de Luçon, dans la région de Bicol. Il se trouve sur l'arc volcanique de Bicol, dont fait partie le volcan Mayon. La montagne est située à la limite des plaques philippine et eurasiatique, ce qui en fait un volcan de subduction. Celui-ci s'élève en bordure d'une caldeira de 11 km de diamètre.

[it] Monte Bulusan

Il Bulusan è uno stratovulcano attivo[1] situato nella regione di Bicol, provincia di Sorsogon, nell'estremità meridionale della grande isola di Luzon nella parte centrale dell'arcipelago delle Filippine. Il vulcano è costituito da un impianto conico principale che sorge sulla caldera di Irosin[2] e sul quale si aprono quattro crateri. Il Bulusan si trova a circa 250 chilometri a sud-est dalla capitale del Paese, Manila, e a 70 km dal vulcano Mayon.

[ru] Булузан

Булусан[1] — вулкан, расположенный на острове Лусон в провинции Сорсогон, Филиппины.



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