geo.wikisort.org - Island

Search / Calendar

Hahajima (母島, meaning Mother Island) is the second-largest island within the Bonin Islands (also known as the Ogasawara Islands) south of the Japan. The steeply-sloped island, which is about 21 km2 (8 sq mi) in area, has a population of 440.[1] It is part of Ogasawara Village in Ogasawara Subprefecture, which is approximately 1,000 km (620 mi) south of Tokyo, Japan.

Hahajima
Native name:
Japanese: 母島
Map of the Hahajima Rettō (Imōtojima is mislabeled as Tori-shima)
Hahajima
Geography
LocationPacific Ocean
Coordinates26°39′N 142°10′E
ArchipelagoOgasawara Islands
Area19.88 km2 (7.68 sq mi)
Highest elevation462 m (1516 ft)
Highest pointChibusayama
Administration
Japan
PrefectureTokyo
SubprefectureOgasawara Subprefecture
VillageOgasawara
Demographics
Population440 (2021)
Pop. density22.1/km2 (57.2/sq mi)
Ethnic groupsJapanese

The highest peaks Hahajima are Chibusayama, (literally Breast Mountain), approximately 462 metres (1,516 ft), and Sakaigatake, 443 metres (1,453 ft). It is part of an archipelago that includes Chichijima approximately 50 km (31 mi) to the north and the nearby smaller islands such as Anejima and Imōtojima and Mukōjima. The group forms the Hahajima Rettō (母島列島) (or in former times, the "Baily Group").


History


View of the southern tip of Hahajima, the Minamizaki peninsula
View of the southern tip of Hahajima, the Minamizaki peninsula
Oki village, Mukōjima in the distance
Oki village, Mukōjima in the distance

The island group, which Hahajima belongs to, lies between the Pacific Ocean and the Philippines Sea. The first European discovery of the Ogasawara Islands is said to have taken place in 1543, by the Spanish explorer, Bernardo de la Torre.[2] Captain James Coffin, of the whaler Transit originally named the largest island in the group "Fisher Island", which became Hahajima, and the second largest "Kidd Island", after the owners of his vessel. The islands came to be known as the "Coffin Islands". (Hahajima was also called Hillsborough Island.) Hahajima was settled by Europeans before becoming part of Japan.

During the Pacific War, the Japanese government removed the local civilian population and fortified the island. It was attacked several times by the US bombers. First on December 4, 1944 when Navy search planes of Fleet Air Wing One joined with Seventh Air Force bombers to attack installations on the island as well as Iwo Jima. Four days later there was another attack by Fleet Air Wing One. Then on December 10, B-25 Mitchells from the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing struck at shipping moored at Hahajima.[3] The remains of defensive fortifications are now one of the island's tourist attractions.

The population, which was 1,546 in 1904 and 1,905 in 1940, is now only 450. A single road connects the abandoned village of Kitamura (北村) at the north end of the island to the village of Okimura (沖村) - formerly "Newport", at the southern end of the island, where the harbor is located. The island can be reached by ferry in about two hours from Chichijima. The economy of Hahajima is based on commercial fishing, tourism as well as a state-run rum distillery.


Education


Haha-jima Elementary School and Junior High School (小笠原村立母島小中学校)
Haha-jima Elementary School and Junior High School (小笠原村立母島小中学校)

Ogasawara Village operates the island's public elementary and junior high school, Ogasawara Village Municipal Haha-jima Elementary School and Junior High School (小笠原村立母島小中学校).[4] Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education operates Ogasawara High School on nearby Chichijima.


Ecology


Hahajima is of considerable interest to malacologists because of its endemic land snail fauna, including the eponymous Lamprocystis hahajimana. Due to the widespread presence of invasive species including goats (which destroy habitat) and rodents, flatworms and the rosy wolfsnail (which eat the native snails), it was feared that many of the endemics had become extinct.[5]

But most if not all of the endemic land snail species seem to persist on the remote Higashizaki peninsula on the eastern coast. This is a quite pristine expanse of ground, scenic but very hard to reach (one has to climb Mt. Chibusa before descending to the peninsula). It consists of sheer seacliffs surrounding a plateau with Chinese fan palm (Livistona chinensis), pandanus and broadleaf (e.g. Persea kobu, a wild avocado) forest, and appears to be untouched by invasive species at present. It has been proposed that access to the area should be monitored, so that visitors will not inadvertently contribute to destroying this unique area.[5]


Snails


All of these snails are endemic at least to the Ogasawara Islands.


Birds


Among birds, the Bonin white-eye (Apalopteron familiare), a gaudy-colored passerine, seems to occur nowhere else anymore than on Hahajima.[6] The extinct Bonin grosbeak (Chaunoproctus ferreorostris) is sometimes said to have occurred in the Hahajima Group (though not on Haha-jima itself), but this seems not to be true. Columba janthina nitens, the Ogasawara subspecies of the Japanese wood-pigeon, used to occur on Haha-jima. While it is not precisely known when it vanished from this island,[7] the taxon apparently became completely extinct during the 1980s, but was rediscovered in 1998. The island has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International.[8]


See also



Footnotes


  1. "支庁の案内: 管内概要 (Japanese)". 2021-04-01. Retrieved 2022-06-16.
  2. Welsch, Bernhard. (2004). "Was Marcus Island Discovered by Bernardo de la Torre in 1543?" Journal of Pacific History, 39:1, 109-122.
  3. "CINCPAC COMMUNIQUÉ, DECEMBER 1944". www.ibiblio.org. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  4. "学校教育." Ogasawara, Tokyo. Retrieved on March 8, 2018.
  5. Chiba et al. (2007)
  6. "Apalopteron familiare". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  7. Hume, Julian P. (2017). Extinct Birds. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 495. ISBN 9781472937469.
  8. "Hahajima islands". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2021.

References



На других языках


[de] Haha-jima

Haha-jima (jap. 母島, wörtlich: „Mutter-Insel“), auch bekannt als Coffin Island oder Hillsborough Island, ist die zweitgrößte Insel der Ogasawara-guntō (Bonininseln) in der Präfektur Tokio. Die Inselgruppe gehört seit 1876 zu Japan. Haha-jima hat eine Fläche von 19,88 km²[1] sowie 450 Einwohner. Die höchste Erhebung ist der Berg Chibusa mit etwa 462 m Höhe. Der ganz in der Nähe liegende Berg Sakaigatake ist mit 443 m nur unwesentlich niedriger.
- [en] Hahajima

[fr] Haha-jima

L'île Haha (母島, Hahajima?, litt. « île Mère ») est une île du Japon faisant partie de l'archipel d'Ogasawara (sous-préfecture d'Ogasawara de Tokyo). L'île a une superficie de 20,21 km2. En 2009, elle abritait 450 habitants.

[it] Haha-jima

Haha-jima (母島? letteralmente: isola madre) è la seconda più grande delle isole Ogasawara (o isole Bonin), in Giappone, a sud dell'arcipelago principale. Ha un'area di circa 20 km2 con una popolazione di 450 abitanti.



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2024
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии