geo.wikisort.org - CoastMiyānkāle peninsula (Persian: شبه جزیره میانکاله) is a long, narrow peninsula in Behshahr County of Māzandarān Province in the north of Iran situated in the extreme south-eastern part of the Caspian Sea. The elongate peninsula is 48 kilometres (30 miles) long, and between 1.3 and 3.2 kilometres (1,400 and 3,500 yards) wide.
Peninsula in Māzandarān Province, Iran
Designations |
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Official name | Miankaleh Peninsula, Gorgan Bay and Lapoo-Zaghmarz Ab-bandan |
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Designated | 23 June 1975 |
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Reference no. | 36[1] |
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It sets apart the Gorgan Bay from the Caspian Sea. The elevation of the peninsula from the sea level is 23 meters. Four villages are situated on it, namely: Ashuradeh, Qezel-e shomali, Qezel-Mehdi, and Qavasatl. The city situated at the opposite side of the peninsula's end is Bandar Torkaman. The island of Ashuradeh lies off the eastern tip of the peninsula.
Ecology
UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in Iran
[2]
Miankaleh peninsula is one of the richest ecological havens in West Asia and perhaps in the whole world. It is home to many unique Caspian bird and reptile species native to this region. It is also a very important internationally recognized refuge for migratory birds. Flora and fauna include:
- Plants: Raspberry, common medlar, Mediterranean hackberry, Jerusalem thorn, Populus, Salsola, Cyperaceae, and Polygonum;
- Fish: Common carp, Caspian white fish, zander, crucian carp, mullet;
- Birds: Coot, purple swamphen, smew, flamingo, white-headed duck, red-breasted goose, whooper swan, black francolin, peregrine falcon, and little bustard;
- Mammals: Wolf, jackal, fox, hedgehog, wild boar, Caspian seal.
The peninsula, with Gorgan Bay, has been designated an International Wetland (Ramsar site) in 1975[3] and an international UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1976.[4] On the national level, it is protected under the "Wildlife Refuge" status by the Iranian Dept. of Environment.[5]
The controlled harvest of Miankale pomegranate by natives and stakeholders is in line with the Human and Biosphere Reserve (MAB) program defined by UNESCO for biosphere reserves.
[6]
Siberian Tiger Introduction Project
Main article: Siberian Tiger Introduction Project
One of the indigenous predators of Iran, the Caspian tiger, used to live in the north-western to north-eastern parts of the country. In 2010, a pair of Siberian tigers was sent from Russia to Iran's Tehran Zoological Garden in exchange for their Persian leopards. The Siberian tigers currently in captivity are set to be reintroduced in the wild to replace the Caspian tigers on the Miankaleh peninsula.[7] Iran received two more pairs of Siberian tigers in 2012.[8]
Threats
This nature reserve is vulnerable to industry and tourism. While tourism-related activities continue to pollute the area, the Iranian government plans to build a huge hotel complex right in the middle of this nature park. Parts of the peninsula have already been sold by the government for industrial and residential purposes.
The number of migratory birds has fallen significantly during the past few years. Extensive fishing and hunting has damaged the ecological balance, and many species are either moribund or under threat of total extinction.
Miankaleh Paleontology
Alluvial and shrubby traces of the fourth period cover the coastal areas of the Caspian Sea, including the Miankaleh Peninsula. Alluvial sediments from these areas are alternately composed of layers such as clay and sandstone along with scallop. The rocks of the slopes are large, sharp and angular, but in the coastal land of the Caspian Sea, like the middle of the mass of moving sand, they are full of animal and plant remains. In general, it can be said that these organizations are related to the Jurassic underwear organizations, which are all due to the retreat of the Caspian Sea.[9]
References
External links
Mazandaran Province |
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Capital | |
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Counties and cities | |
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Sights |
- Mount Damavand
- Abbas Abad Historical Complex
- Lar National Park
- Badab-e Surt
- Mausoleum of Mir Bozorg
- Davazdah Cheshmeh
- Dasht-e Naz National Park
- Gohar Tepe
- Larijan Hot Spring
- Imamzadeh Abbas of Sari
- Resket Tower
- Shahandasht Waterfall
- Tomb of Haydar Amuli
- Miankaleh peninsula
- Farahabad Complex
- Watchtower of Babol
- Mollana Mosque
- Dohezar Forest
- Lajim Tower
- Kangelo Castle
- Sisangan Forest Park
- Challdareh National Park
- Veresk Bridge
- Mohammad Hassan Khan Bridge
- Chaikhoran Palace
- Namakabrood Aerial tramway
- Javaher Deh
- Nima Yooshij House
- Sefid Chah Cemetery
- Ab Pari Waterfall
- Kolbadi House
- Lake of Ghosts
- Mijran Lake
- Safi Abad Palace
- Gharmerez spa
- Avidar Lake
- Alendan lake
- Lar Dam
- Azad Kuh
- Alasht
- Kolakchal
- Deryuok
- Sari Clock Square
- Tamishan Palace
- Gerdkooh Hills
- Filband
- Alam-Kuh
- Jameh Mosque of Amol
- Jameh Mosque of Babol
- Jameh Mosque of Sari
- Palaeolithic Hotu and Kamarband Caves
- Markuh Castle
- Galehgardan
- Vaziri Bath of Sari
- Ramsar Palace
- Dalkhani Jungle
- Paein Lamouk Park
- Babol Museum
- Khoshedaran Museum of natural history
- Kandolus
- Sari's clock square
- Palace of Behshahr
- Churat Lake
- Gol-e Zard Cave
- Tirkan Waterfall
- Danial Cave
- Babolsar Boating Pier
- Elimalat Lake
- Gabri Tonekabon
- Espahbod Khorshid Cave
- Mirza Kuchak Khan Forest Park
- Alimastan Village
- Imamzadeh Kati Hill
- Moalagh Bridge
- Ramsar Hotel
- Nassereddin Shah relief
- Kashpel Forest Park
- Shur Mast Lake
- Baliran Jungle
- Kheshtpol Bridge
- Valasht lake of Kelardasht
- Tomb of Sultan Mohammad Taher
- Takor Tekyeh
- Sorkh Roud Wetland
- Dokhaharan lake
- Qaleh Gardan
- Malek Bahman Castle
- Chehel dar Castle
- Gazou Waterfall
- Cheshmeh Kileh Bridge
- Sangeno Waterfall
- DD Center Amir Abad
- Ecobiology Garden Nowshahr
- Saghanefar
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populated places |
- List of cities, towns and villages in Mazandaran Province
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Protected Areas of Iran |
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National Parks |
- Bakhtegan (IW)
- Bamou
- Bojagh (IW)
- Dayer-Nakhiloo
- Ghamishloo
- Ghatroyeh
- Golestan (BR)
- Kavir (BR)
- Khabr
- Khojir
- Kiasar
- Kolahghazi
- Lar
- Nayband
- Paband
- Salouk
- Sarigol
- Siyahkooh
- Sorkh-e Hesar
- Tandooreh
- Tang-e Sayad
- Khar Turan (BR)
- Lake Urmia (BR, IW)
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National Natural Monuments | |
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Wildlife Refuges |
- Amirkalayeh (IW)
- Bakhtegan (IW)
- Hamoon
- Miandasht
- Miankaleh (BR, IW)
- Robat Shur
- Selkeh (IW)
- Shadegan (IW)
- Shidvar (IW)
- Sorkhankol (IW)
- Touran (BR)
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Protected Areas |
- Alvand
- Arasbaran (BR)
- Arjan and Parishan (BR, IW)
- Dena
- Dinar Kouh
- Gando (IW)
- Geno (BR)
- Hara (BR, IW)
- Haraz
- Heleh (IW)
- Jajrud
- Kabir Kouh
- Karkas
- Karkheh
- Kavir (BR)
- Koulak
- Manesht
- Mianjangal
- Mozaffari
- Siahkeshim (IW)
- Touran (BR)
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BR: Biosphere Reserve - IW: International Wetland (Ramsar Site) - All names as inscribed by the Department of Environment, Iran |
Authority control | |
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На других языках
- [en] Miankaleh peninsula
[es] Península de Miankale
La península de Miankale (en persa: شبه جزیره میانکاله) es una península asiática estrecha y larga localizada en la provincia de Mazandaran, en el norte de Irán,[1] situada en el extremo sureste del mar Caspio. La península alargada, tiene de 48 km de longitud y un ancho entre los 1300 y 3200 metros.
[ru] Мианкале
Мианкале́ (перс. میانکاله) — полуостров в иранской провинции Мазендеран (шахрестан Бехшехр) на южном берегу Каспийского моря. В царской России имел название полуостров Потёмкина[1].
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