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The Salt Range (Punjabi: سلسلہ کوہ نمک) is a mountain range in the north of Punjab[1] province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt.[1][2] The range extends along the south of the Potohar Plateau and the north of the Jhelum River. The Salt Range contains the great mines of Khewra, Kalabagh and Warcha which yield vast supplies of salt.[1] Coal of a medium quality is also found.[1]

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Salt Range
Salt Range and Motorway M2
Highest point
Elevation	1,522 m (4,993 ft)
Naming
Native name	سلسلہ کوہ نمک
Geography
Jhelum District, Chakwal District, Mianwali District, Khushab District, Punjab, Pakistan Show map of Punjab, Pakistan Salt Range (Pakistan) Show map of Pakistan
Range coordinates	32°40′30″N 72°47′35″E
Climbing
Easiest route	M-2 motorway (Pakistan)
Normal route	Kallar Kahar

In the Himalayan and Salt Range, rock containing fossil of marine life go back to the Ediacaran period (up to 570 million years ago), which shows these rocks have developed out of sea sediments, and that where we have the Himalayas now was once a sea.[3]

• Sakaser is the highest peak of Salt Range.
• Namal Lake, Khabikki Lake and Uchhali Lake are lakes in the Salt Range.

History

An inscription found at Kura in the Salt Range records the building of a Buddhist monastery by a person named Rotta Siddhavriddhi during the reign of the Huna ruler Toramana. The donor expresses the wish that the religious merit gained by his gift be shared by him with the king and his family members.[4]

The Awans, Khokhars, Gakhars, and Janjuas had engaged in an endless battle for sovereignty over the Salt Range.

The history of this region (the Salt Range) from the thirteenth century onward had been a sickening record of wars between various landowning dominant and ruling clans of Punjabi Muslims including the Khokhars, Janjuas, Awans and Gakhars for political ascendancy.[5]

According to the Emperor Babar, the Jude and the Janjua were "two races descended from the same father, "[6] who from old times had been rulers of the hills between Nilab and Bhera, that is, of the Salt Range. "On one-half of the hill lived the Jud, and on the other half the Janjua." The Awans now occupy western half of these hills towards Nilab and Janjuas (Rajputs) on eastern part of these Hills. Juds are actually a sub-clan of Janjuas and there are still 7 seven villages of Juds near Dhrabi Area of Chakwal including Dhrabi village and Dam. They are descendants of Raja Jodh who was 2nd Prince of Janjua King Raja Mal Dev Khan Janjua. There are several forts on these hills and all of them were built by Janjua Rajputs and their ancestors the Pandav's at Katas Raj as well as the Janjua Shahi Dynasty of 2nd Kabul Shahis at Nandna fort. Also this area is known as the first ever Muslim Rajputs Kingdom and Raja Mal Dev Khan Janjua was the founder of This Kingdom. He was from Chandravanshi Rajputs clan and he was from the bloodline of famous Indian Mahabharata Warrior Prince Arjun Dev Pandav.

About 1500 Janjua Rajputs warrior cavalry fought in the battle of Panipat from this area in support of Babur under the command Malik Hast Khan Janjua (Asad). Sultan Lashkar Janjua and Raja Sanghral Ali Khan Janjuas were also commanding their own Muslim Janjua Rajputs during Battle of Panipat and Battle of Khanwa against Rana Sanga. All of them were rulers of these Hills and chieftains of this ruling Rajput clan. Before these hills were known as Koh-e-jodh, it was on the name of Raja Jodh Janjua son of Raja Mal Dev Khan Janjua.[7]

Kathwai

Two interesting sites are close to Kathwai, Kutte Mar, and Tulaja fort. At Kuttee Mar to the Northeast of Kathwai are Muslim graves made of Kangar and the purported grave of a dog that is said to have died defending the wedding procession of its owner from an attack by bandits. Kutte Mar may have been the place where the Khura inscription of Toramana was found (Buhler 1891–92, 238–41; Sircar 1965: 422–4). If this assessment is correct, a Buddhist monastery was established here around 500. A.D. This inscription and another fragmentary inscription found at Sakaser (Pakistan Archaeology 5, 1968: 284-70) confirm that this area was a flourishing, center for Buddhism, which is borne out by the extensive archaeological remains.

The Tulaja fort is located on a huge rock outcropping with sheer cliffs overlooking the shrine of Kacchianwalla and the Punjab plains. The entire area is covered with the ruins of defensive walls, houses, and other structures made of large stone blocks. Although one building has been identified as a mosque, it is very difficult to distinguish other religious, military or civil structures. One of the most interesting features is a large square tank made of the flat rectangular bricks, which may have supplied water so that the fort could withstand a siege. Comparing this tank with those in other forts may help in assigning a relative date to its construction. In addition to architectural styles, evidence from any coins, which are found here, may help to indicate if this city belonged to the period of the Turk Sultans, Lodhis or Mughals. Extensive remains of a cemetery and other settlements are on the slopes below the fort. There are also supposed to be some remains on Tulaji across the valley from Talaja.

Habitat

The Salt Range has a high level of biodiversity and is home to a number of wildlife sanctuaries (ChumbiSurla, Jahlar Lake, Sodhi, Khabekki Lake and KundalRakh) and protected areas, including the Chinji National Park and several forest (e.g. Simli Reserved Forest and Noorpur Reserved Forest) and wetland areas (including Ucchali, Jahlar and Khabbiki lakes).[8]

See also

• Himalayan salt
• Khewra Salt Mine
• List of mountains in Pakistan

References

• The Salt Range: Pakistan's unique field museum of geology and paleontology Archived 2012-08-26 at the Wayback Machine

External links

• Salt Range Temples

На других языках

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[de] Salzgebirge

Das Salzgebirge ist ein Mittelgebirgszug in Punjab in Pakistan. Er ist Bestandteil des Kleinen Himalaya[1] und erstreckt sich bei maximal 30 Kilometern Breite in einem nach Norden geöffneten Bogen über rund 200 Kilometer zwischen dem Indus im Westen und dem Jhelam im Osten und Südosten. Im Norden grenzt er an die Hochebene Potwar, im Süden an die Tiefebene von Punjab. Jenseits des Indus setzt das Salzgebirge sich im Surghargebirge fort, das früher als zum Salzgebirge gehörend betrachtet wurde. Der Name des Salzgebirges leitet sich von den teilweise mehrere hundert Meter mächtigen Steinsalzvorkommen an der Südflanke des Gebirges ab, aus deren Abbau der überwiegende Teil des pakistanischen Salzverbrauchs gedeckt wird. Darüber hinaus wird dieses Salz als sogenanntes „Himalayasalz“ als Lecksteine und als Salzbausteine vor allem nach Europa exportiert. Neben Salz werden weitere Bodenschätze abgebaut, unter anderem Kalkstein, Steinkohle und Gips. Das Gebirge wird im Osten von der Autobahn M2 überquert, die Islamabad und Lahore verbindet.

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- [en] Salt Range

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[it] Salt Range

La Salt Range è una serie di basse montagne, e colline, situata in Pakistan nella parte settentrionale della regione del Punjab, tra le valli dei fiumi Indo e Jhelum. Deve il nome ai vasti depositi di salgemma che costituiscono una delle maggiori riserve di sale del mondo; questi depositi risalgono al Precambriano e possono superare i 490 m di spessore. La catena si allunga da est a ovest per circa 300 km, ed è larga, nelle sue parti centrali e orientali, tra gli 8 e i 30 km. La sua altezza media è di 660 m, e la sua cima più alta, il monte Sakesar, culmina a 1522 m. Oltre ai depositi di sale, sfruttati fin dall'antichità, la Salt Range è ricca anche di carbone, gesso e altri minerali.

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[ru] Соляной хребет

Соляно́й хребе́т[1] (урду کوہ نمک‎, Кухе-Немек[2]) — горный хребет в провинции Пенджаб в Пакистане, получивший своё название благодаря огромным месторождениям каменной соли. Он простирается от реки Джелам до Инда через северный район Пенджаба. Соляной хребет включает такие крупные прииски как Майо, Кхевра, Варча и Калабагха, в которых содержатся огромные запасы сырья. Также там есть уголь среднего качества. Высочайшими горами Соляного хребта являются Сакасер и Тилла-Джогиан. Также там есть озёра: Кхабеккикахар и Учхали.

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