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Morotai Island (Indonesian: Pulau Morotai) is an island in the Halmahera group of eastern Indonesia's Maluku Islands (Moluccas). It is one of Indonesia's northernmost islands.

Morotai
Geography
LocationSouth East Asia
Coordinates02.32°N 128.45°E / 02.32; 128.45
ArchipelagoMaluku Islands
Area2,337.15 km2 (902.38 sq mi)
Length80 km (50 mi)
Width42 km (26.1 mi)
Administration
Indonesia
ProvinceNorth Maluku
Largest settlementDaruba
Demographics
Population74,436 (2020 Census)
Pop. density31.85/km2 (82.49/sq mi)
Additional information
Time zone
  • EIT (UTC+09:00)

Morotai is a rugged, forested island lying to the north of Halmahera. It has an area of some 2,337.15 km2 (902.38 sq mi), including Rao Island which lies to the west of Morotai. It stretches 80 km (50 mi) north-south and no more than 42 km (26 mi) wide. The island's largest town is Daruba, on the island's south coast. Leo Wattimena Airport is located on the island. Almost all of Morotai's numerous villages are coastal settlements; a paved road linking those on the east coast starts from Daruba and will eventually reach Berebere, the principal town on Morotai's east coast, 68 km (42 mi) from Daruba.[citation needed] Between Halmahera and the islets and reefs of the west coast of Morotai is the Morotai Strait, which is about 10 km (6.2 mi) wide.[1]


History


Morotai was part of the Ternate Sultanate, which was a vassal of the Dutch East India Company by the end of the 17th century.


Second World War


The Empire of Japan invaded Morotai early in 1942 as part of its Dutch East Indies Campaign. US forces and their allies launched the Battle of Morotai in 1944; bombing the island in August and invading it in September. Imperial Japanese forces on Morotai held out until 1945 but failed to expel the Allied troops. In the latter part of 1944, 61,000 personnel landed on Morotai.[2] Two thirds of them were engineers, who rapidly established facilities including harbors and two airstrips[2] plus extensive fuel stores.

The formal surrender of the Second Japanese Army took place at Morotai on 9 September 1945.

The last confirmed Japanese holdout from the war, Private Teruo Nakamura (Amis: Attun Palalin), was discovered by the Indonesian Air Force on Morotai, and surrendered to a search patrol on December 18, 1974.[3]


Permesta rebellion


The Dutch Empire withdrew in the Indonesian National Revolution in the late 1940s, after which the new Indonesian Air Force (AURI) kept one of the Allied-built airstrips in use.[2] During the Permesta rebellion in 1958, AURI North American B-25 Mitchell bomber aircraft used the airstrip in transit on their way to attack the rebel center at Manado in North Sulawesi.[4] Permesta had its own "Revolutionary Air Force", AUREV, whose aircraft, munitions and pilots were supplied by the CIA. AUREV aircraft attacked Morotai on April 21[4] and again early on April 26.[5] The second air raid was immediately followed by an amphibious Permesta landing force that quickly captured the island.[6] Within hours, a Douglas C-47 Skytrain transport aircraft landed on the now captured airstrip, carrying senior Permesta representative and two Americans.[6] One was a USAF officer who inspected the runway and pronounced that Boeing B-29 Superfortress heavy bomber aircraft could use it.[6]

In May 1958 Indonesian National Armed Forces started to gather amphibious forces to retake both Morotai and the rebel-held town of Jailolo on the neighboring island of Halmahera.[7] By May 16 the assault fleet started to gather in Ambon harbour and on May 20 its troops landed on Morotai while élite Pasukan Gerak Tjepat (PGT or "Quick Reaction Force") troops parachuted onto the island.[8] The Permesta force's surrender was as quick as its capture of the island less than a month before.[8] It alarmed the Permesta rebels who had captured Jailolo, many of whom promptly fled back to North Sulawesi.[8] Thereafter the rebellion was largely confined to the Minahasa Peninsula of Sulawesi, where Permesta remnants waged a guerilla campaign until the last unit surrendered in January 1962.[9]


Spaceport plan


After assessing three potential spaceport sites in 2012, the national space agency LAPAN announced Morotai Island as a future spaceport site.[10] Planning started in December 2012. The launch site's completion is expected in 2025. In 2013, LAPAN planned to launch an RX-550 experimental satellite launcher from a location in Morotai to be decided.[11] This island was selected according to the following criteria:


Climate


Daruba, the main settlement and the seat of the regency has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with moderate rainfall from August to October and heavy rainfall in the remaining months.

Climate data for Daruba
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 30.0
(86.0)
30.0
(86.0)
29.9
(85.8)
31.1
(88.0)
30.6
(87.1)
30.3
(86.5)
29.8
(85.6)
30.8
(87.4)
31.1
(88.0)
31.5
(88.7)
31.4
(88.5)
30.5
(86.9)
30.6
(87.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.3
(79.3)
26.3
(79.3)
26.2
(79.2)
27.2
(81.0)
26.8
(80.2)
26.6
(79.9)
26.1
(79.0)
26.9
(80.4)
27.1
(80.8)
27.4
(81.3)
27.5
(81.5)
26.8
(80.2)
26.8
(80.2)
Average low °C (°F) 22.7
(72.9)
22.7
(72.9)
22.5
(72.5)
23.3
(73.9)
23.1
(73.6)
23.0
(73.4)
22.5
(72.5)
23.1
(73.6)
23.1
(73.6)
23.3
(73.9)
23.6
(74.5)
23.2
(73.8)
23.0
(73.4)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 207
(8.1)
182
(7.2)
208
(8.2)
205
(8.1)
217
(8.5)
202
(8.0)
138
(5.4)
122
(4.8)
113
(4.4)
104
(4.1)
168
(6.6)
177
(7.0)
2,043
(80.4)
Source: Climate-Data.org[12]

Notable people



See also



References


  1. "Journals - BYU ScholarsArchive". ojs.lib.byu.edu. Archived from the original on 2022-09-26. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
  2. Conboy & Morrison 1999, p. 102.
  3. "The Last Last Soldier?", Time, January 13, 1975, archived from the original on February 1, 2009.
  4. Conboy & Morrison 1999, p. 103.
  5. Conboy & Morrison 1999, p. 106.
  6. Conboy & Morrison 1999, p. 107.
  7. Conboy & Morrison 1999, p. 134.
  8. Conboy & Morrison 1999, p. 147.
  9. Conboy & Morrison 1999, p. 161.
  10. "Bandar Antariksa Akan Dibangun di Morotai" [Spaceport will be built in Morotai] (in Indonesian). November 27, 2012. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  11. "LAPAN prepares rocket launch in Morotai (Indonesian)". September 17, 2012. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
  12. "Climate: Daruba". Climate-Data.org. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2020.

Sources





На других языках


[de] Morotai

Morotai, auch: Morty[1], ist eine indonesische Insel und gehört zur Provinz der Nordmolukken (indonesisch Maluku Utara). Die Insel liegt nördlich von Halmahera und umfasst rund 1800 km².
- [en] Morotai

[es] Morotai

La isla Morotai (en indonesio, Pulau Morotai) es una isla del grupo de las islas Molucas, una de las islas situadas más al norte del grupo, al noreste de la gran isla de Halmahera. Tiene una superficie de 2.266 km², siendo la 189ª isla mayor del mundo.[1] Tenía una población de 54.876 personas en 2007.

[fr] Morotai

Morotai est une île de la mer de Halmahera, faisant partie de la province indonésienne des Moluques du Nord. Elle est située au nord-est de Halmahera, à 2° 19′ N, 128° 32′ E, ce qui en fait l'île la plus septentrionale de l'archipel des Moluques. Administrativement, Morotai constitue un kabupaten.

[it] Morotai

Morotai (indonesiano: Pulau Morotai) è un'isola dell'Indonesia, situata nell'Oceano Pacifico, appartenente all'arcipelago delle Molucche. Amministrativamente fa parte della provincia di Maluku Settentrionale, reggenza (kabupaten) di Halmahera Settentrionale. Morotai è una delle isole indonesiane più settentrionali.

[ru] Моротай

Моротай (индон. Pulau Morotai) — остров, расположен севернее острова Хальмахера в архипелаге Молуккских островов в восточной части Индонезии. Один из самых северных островов Индонезии. Является частью провинции Северное Малуку. В 2007 году население острова составляло 54 876 человек.



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