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The Salzach (Austrian: [ˈsaltsax]; German: [ˈzaltsax]) is a river in Austria and Germany. It is 227 kilometres (141 mi) in length and is a right tributary of the Inn, which eventually joins the Danube. Its drainage basin of 6,829 km2 (2,637 sq mi) comprises large parts of the Northern Limestone and Central Eastern Alps. 83% of its drainage basin (5,643 km2 (2,179 sq mi)) lies in Austria, the remainder in Germany (Bavaria).[1] Its largest tributaries are Lammer, Berchtesgadener Ache, Saalach, Sur and Götzinger Achen.

Salzach
Salzach in Salzburg, Austria
Salzach location
Location
CountriesAustria and Germany
Physical characteristics
Source 
  locationKitzbühel Alps
Mouth 
  location
Inn
  coordinates
48°12′24″N 12°55′46″E
Length227.3 km (141.2 mi) [1]
Basin size6,829 km2 (2,637 sq mi) [1]
Discharge 
  average251 m3/s (8,900 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionInnDanubeBlack Sea

Etymology


Salzach sources between Mt. Salzachgeier and Schwebenkopf
Salzach sources between Mt. Salzachgeier and Schwebenkopf

The river's name is derived from the German word Salz "salt" and Aach. Until the 19th century, shipping of salt down the Salzach was an important part of the local economy. The shipping ended when the parallel Salzburg-Tyrol Railway line replaced the old transport system.


Course


The Salzach is the main river in the Austrian state of Salzburg. The source is located on the edge of the Kitzbühel Alps near Krimml in the western Pinzgau region. Its headstreams drain several alpine pastures at around 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) (metres above the Adriatic), between Krimml and the Tyrolean state border, 3–5 kilometres (2–3 mi) north of the Gerlos Pass on the slopes of the Salzachgeier (2,466 m (8,091 ft)) and the nearby Schwebenkopf peak 2,354 m (7,723 ft)).

From here, it runs eastwards through a large valley via Bruck south of Lake Zell to Schwarzach im Pongau. It then turns northwards and passes Sankt Johann im Pongau. North of here, the Salzach forms the narrow Salzachöfen Gorge between the Berchtesgaden Alps and the Tennen Mountains and then flows to Hallein and the city of Salzburg.

Lower Salzach between Laufen and Oberndorf
Lower Salzach between Laufen and Oberndorf

From the junction with its Saalach tributary in the northern Salzburg basin, the Salzach forms the border between Bavaria, Germany and the Austrian states of Salzburg and Upper Austria for almost 70 kilometres (43 mi). Cities on the banks in this lower section include Laufen and its sister town Oberndorf bei Salzburg, Tittmoning, and Burghausen. All these towns have border crossings.

Confluence of the Salzach (right) and the Inn (left)
Confluence of the Salzach (right) and the Inn (left)

The river finally joins the Inn in Haiming between Burghausen and Braunau.


Tributaries


Upper and lower reaches: Putzengraben [ceb; cv], Trattenbach [ceb; de; sv] and Dürnbach [ceb; sv] from the Kitzbühel Alps, Krimmler Ache, Obersulzbach [ceb; de; fr; sv], Untersulzbach [ceb; de; fr; sv], Habach [ceb; sv], Hollersbach [ceb; sv], Felberbach [ceb; sv], Stubache [ceb; de; sv], Kapruner Ache [ceb; de; sv] from the High Tauern, Pinzga from Lake Zell, Fuscher Ache, Rauriser Ache [ceb; de; sv] from the High Tauern, Dientener Bach [ceb; sv] from the Salzburg Slate Alps, Gasteiner Ache [bar; ceb; da; de; fr; sv], Großarlbach [da; ceb; de; sv], Kleinarlbach [bar; ceb; de; sv] from the High Tauern, Fritzbach [ceb; da; de; sv] from the Dachstein Massif [de; fr; pl; ro; ru], Mühlbach [ceb; sv] and Blühnbach [ceb; sv] from the Hochkönig.

Lower reaches: Lammer from the east, Torrener Bach [ceb; cv; Torrenerbach] (in the Blunau Valley [ceb; de; sv]) from the Berchtesgaden Alps, Taugl [ceb; de; sv] and Almbach from the Hintersee [bar; ceb; de; sv], both from the Osterhorn Group, Königsseer Ache from the Königssee, Kehlbach [de], Fischach from the lake Wallersee, Klausbach, Saalach the largest tributaries, Sur and Götzinger Achen on the Bavarian side, Oichten near Oberndorf and Moosach in the Salzburg-Upper Austrian border region.


Hydroelectric power plants


Currently, there are 12 hydroelectric power plants on the Salzach. The power plants are listed beginning at the headwaters:

Dam Nameplate capacity (MW) Annual generation (Mio. kwh)
Schwarzach[2] 120 482
Wallnerau[2] 13 38
St. Veit[2] 16 67
St. Johann[2] 16 71
Urreiting[2] 16 76
Bischofshofen[2] 16 70
Kreuzbergmaut 18 80
Werfen-Pfarrwerfen[2] 16 81
Gamp[3] 8 53
Sohlstufe Hallein[4] 16 81
Urstein[5] 22 120
Sohlstufe Lehen[6] 13 81

Photos



See also



Sources



References


  1. Complete table of the Bavarian Waterbody Register by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (xls, 10.3 MB)
  2. "Die Salzach" (in German). Verbund. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
  3. "Kraftwerk Gamp" (in German). Salzburg AG. Retrieved 2016-09-06.
  4. "Kraftwerk Sohlstufe Hallein" (in German). Salzburg AG. Retrieved 2016-09-06.
  5. "Kraftwerk Urstein" (in German). Salzburg AG. Retrieved 2016-09-06.
  6. "Kraftwerk Sohlstufe Lehen" (in German). Salzburg AG. Retrieved 2016-09-09.

На других языках


[de] Salzach

Die Salzach ist ein rechter Zufluss des Inns und mit 225 km Länge sein längster und wasserreichster. Sie fließt im Land Salzburg (Österreich), in Bayern (Deutschland) und in Oberösterreich, ist einer der großen Alpenflüsse und entwässert fast die gesamten Hohen Tauern nach Norden.
- [en] Salzach

[es] Salzach

El río Salzach es un río de Austria y Alemania, países entre los que constituye una frontera natural a lo largo de 59 km. Con una longitud total de 225 km, es el afluente más largo y caudaloso del río Eno, a su vez afluente del Danubio. En su curso medio atraviesa la ciudad de Salzburgo.

[it] Salzach

La Salzach è un fiume austriaco affluente dell'Inn lungo 225 km.

[ru] Зальцах

За́льцах[1][2] — (нем. Salzach, в древности Juvavus) — самый крупный приток Инна, основная река австрийской земли Зальцбург, протекает по Австрии и Германии. Длина реки — 220 км[3]. Площадь водосборного бассейна — 6700 км²[3].



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