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The Karmanasa River (Hindi: कर्मनाशा नदी) is a tributary of the Ganges. It originates in Kaimur district of Bihar and flows through the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Along the boundary between Uttar Pradesh and Bihar it has the districts of Sonbhadra, Chandauli, Varanasi and Ghazipur on its left (UP side); and the districts of Kaimur and Buxar on its right (Bihar side).[1][2][3][4]

Karmanasa River
Location
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh, Bihar
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Sarodag, Kaimur district, Kaimur Range
• elevation	350 m (1,150 ft)
Mouth	Ganges
• location	Chausa
• coordinates	25°30′54″N 83°52′30″E
Length	192 km (119 mi)
Width
• average	385 ft

Disambiguation

Karmanasa is also the name of a river in the Garhwal Himalayas.[5]

Etymology

The name of the river means "destroyer of religious merit". There are several legends about it.[6]

According to one legend, the sage Vishvamitra through tapasya (penance, meditation and correct practices) acquired the power to create a whole new universe. When he set out to create a new universe it aroused consternation in Indra. However, he continued and after creating a copy of our universe, he started creating people, the first being Trishanku whom he decided to send up to rule his new universe. Indra stopped his progress. That is how Trishanku ended up suspended head down in mid-air. The Karmanasa was born out of the saliva dripping from his mouth.[7]

Course

The Karmanasa originates at a height of 350 metres (1,150 ft) on the northern face of Kaimur Range near Sarodag in Kaimur district of Bihar.[1][8] It flows in a north-westerly direction through the plains of Mirzapur, then forms the boundary between Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, and finally joins the Ganges near Village Bara (East Side) Ghazipur Uttar Pradesh and Chausa (Bihar). The length of the river is 192 kilometres (119 mi), out of which 116 kilometres (72 mi) lies in Uttar Pradesh and the rest 76 kilometres (47 mi) forms the boundary between Uttar Pradesh (Bara-Ghazipur and Bihar (Chausa). Total drainage area of the Karmnasa along with its tributaries is 11,709 square kilometres (4,521 sq mi).[8]

Tributaries

Its tributaries are the Durgavati, the Chandraprabha, the Karunuti, the Nadi, the Goriya and the Khajuri.[8]

Waterfalls

The Karmanasa reaches the plains by a succession of leaps, including three falls known as the Karkatgarh,Devdari and the Chhanpathar, which, from their height and beauty, are deserving of special notice.[9] Chhanpathar Falls is 100 feet (30 m) high.[10] Devdari Falls, at an edge of the Rohtas Plateau, along the course of the Karmanasa is 58 metres (190 ft) high.[11] However, Chandauli district administration mentions Devdari Fall as being on the Chandraprabha River.[12]

Dams and bridges

There are two dams across the Karmanasa – the Latif Shah bund and the Nuagarh dam. There also is a dam across the Chandraprabha.[13]

The Grand Trunk Road passes over a bridge on the Karmanasa.[14]

Archaeology

UP State Archaeology department under the direction of Rakesh Tewari, excavations has unearthed iron artifacts dated between 1200 – 1300 BC at Raja Nal Ka Tila site in Karmanasa river valley of north Sonebhadra. It throws new light on the history of iron-making in India.[15]

History

The Karmanasa was the eastern boundary of Awadh. It also possibly was the western boundary of the Sena dynasty.[16][17]

At the Battle of Chausa, situated on the banks of the Karmanasa, on 26 June 1539, Sher Shah defeated the Mughal emperor Humayun and assumed the royal title of Farīd al-Dīn Shēr Shah.[18][19]

See also

• Besu River
• Gangi River
• Eknaiya River
• Kodra River
• Suar River
• Karmanasa Canal

References

External links

• "Karamnasa" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.

На других языках

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- [en] Karmanasa River

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[es] Río Karmanasa

El río Karmanasa (en hindi, कर्मनाशा नदी) es un corto río de la India, un pequeño afluente por la margen derecha del río Ganges. Se origina en el distrito de Kaimur del estado de Bihar y fluye a través de los estados indios de Uttar Pradesh y Bihar. A lo largo del límite entre Uttar Pradesh y Bihar, pasa por los distritos de Sonbhadra, Chandauli, Varanasi y Ghazipur (a su izquierda,lado de UP); y por los distritos de Kaimur y Buxar (a su derecha, lado Bihar).[1][2][3][4]

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[ru] Карманаша

Кармана́ша или Кармна́ша (Карамнаса[1], Карманаса[2], англ. Karmnasha) — река в Индии, приток Ганга. Берёт своё начало на территории штата Джаркханд и протекает по границе между штатами Уттар-Прадеш и Бихар. Впадает в Гангу около города Буксар в Бихаре. Название реки в переводе означает «разрушение кармы». Согласно индуистским верованиям, принятие омовения в Карманаше имеет противоположный эффект от купания в Ганге[3]. Если омовение в Ганге очищает человека от последствий его греховной деятельности, то омовение в Карманаше забирает всю его хорошую карму[3]. Согласно легенде, выдающийся средневековый индийский поэт Кабир незадолго до своей смерти пожелал очистится от последствий как своей хорошей, так плохой деятельности[4]. С этой целью он принял омовение в Ганге и Карманаше[4].

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