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Lake Eyasi (formerly German: Njarasasee, "Njarasa Lake", and Hohenlohesee, "Hohenlohe Lake") is a lake located in Karatu District of Arusha Region in north Tanzania. Lake Eyasi is the largest body of water in Arusha region. It is a seasonal shallow endorheic salt lake on the floor of the Great Rift Valley at the base of the Serengeti Plateau, just south of the Serengeti National Park and immediately southwest of the Ngorongoro Crater in the Crater Highlands of Tanzania. The lake is elongated, orientated southwest to northeast, and lies in the Eyasi-Wembere branch of the Great Rift Valley.[1]

A screenshot of Lake Eyasi taken from NASA's WorldWind.
A screenshot of Lake Eyasi taken from NASA's WorldWind.
Lake Eyasi
Lake Eyasi from space, May 1993, nearly devoid of water. North is to the top. The indented southeast shore is filled in by sediment.
Lake Eyasi
LocationKaratu District, Arusha Region, Tanzania
Coordinates3°35′S 35°0′E
TypeSaline, alkaline, endorheic
Primary inflowsSibiti River (southwest end, clipped from image above), Baray (delta at western end), lesser seasonal rivers
Primary outflowsnone
Basin countriesTanzania
Max. depthunknown
Surface elevation1,030 m (3,380 ft)
Islandsnone

The principal inflow is the Sibiti River, which enters the southwestern end. The river may continue to flow somewhat year round, at least in wetter years; the other inflows are all seasonal. The second largest inflow is the Baray, at the northeast. The water carried by the Baray has increased in recent years due to deforestation of the Crater Highlands. The southwest flank of Mount Oldeani, one of the Ngorongoro volcanos, drains directly into the northeast end of the lake. Flow from the Budahaya / Udahaya River, which drains into the Yaeda Swamp to the southeast of the lake, was once second, but has decreased due to water diversion in the Mbulu Highlands. Water flow from the Serengeti is minor; the largest stream is the Sayu.

Seasonal water level fluctuations in the lake are dramatic, though the northwestern shore is constrained by the cliffs of the Serengeti Plateau. During the dry season the lake may dry up almost entirely, especially in drier years, so that Datooga herders and Hadza foragers will cross the lake on foot, but in El Niño years it may flood its banks and attract hippopotamus from the Serengeti. It is a seasonal stop for migrating flamingos. The lake supports minor local fishing in wet years, but more often catfish and lungfish are taken from the streams and springs that feed the lake. Even during wet periods, lake depths typically remain less than one metre.[2]

The Hadza are the indigenous inhabitants of the lake. They are found along most of the perimeter, though camps are few along most of the Serengeti, which is Maasai territory. The Datooga inhabit the Yaeda Valley to the southeast, the Isanzu the south, and the Sukuma across the Sibiti River in the southwest. The Iraqw traditionally lived on the other side of Yaeda, but have come in increasing numbers to the Baray, which is now the primary onion-growing region of East Africa.

Mumba Cave is an archaeological site that is located by the shores of Lake Eyasi. The site has yielded a number of Middle Stone Age and Late Stone Age artifacts.


References


  1. Foster, A. and C. Ebinger and E. Mbede and D. Rex (August 1997). "Tectonic development of the northern Tanzanian sector of the East African Rift System". Journal of the Geological Society. 154 (4): 689–700. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.154.4.0689.
  2. Hughes, R. H.; Hughes, J. S. (1992). A directory of African wetlands. UNEP. p. 253.

На других языках


[de] Eyasisee

Der Eyasisee (englisch Lake Eyasi, französisch Lac Eyasi, früher Njarasasee, alte deutsche Bezeichnung Hohenlohesee) ist ein salziger und abflussloser See im Norden Tansanias, der sich westlich von Ngorongoro in der Region Arusha befindet. Er ist einer von vielen Seen im Ostafrikanischen Graben.
- [en] Lake Eyasi

[es] Lago Eyasi

El lago Eyasi es un lago estacional, poco profundo y salado, que drena una pequeña cuenca endorreica localizada al norte de Tanzania. Se encuentra en el fondo del Gran Valle del Rift, en la base de la meseta del Serengeti, al sur del Parque nacional Serengueti e inmediatamente al suroeste del cráter del Ngorongoro, en la sierra del Cráter. El lago tiene forma alargada, de orientación suroeste-noreste, y se encuentra en la rama Eyasi-Wembere del Gran Valle del Rift.[1] Forma parte de un sistema de numerosos lagos en el Gran Valle del Rift.

[fr] Lac Eyasi

Le lac Eyasi est un lac de soude, salé et endoréique du nord de la Tanzanie situé au sud-ouest du massif du Ngorongoro et bordé au nord par l'aire de conservation du Ngorongoro. Il fait partie des nombreux lacs de la vallée du Grand Rift.

[it] Eyasi

Il lago Eyasi, detto anche lago Njarasa, è un lago stagionale salato poco profondo endoreico ai piedi della Rift Valley, nel Serengeti in Africa, a sud del parco nazionale del Serengeti. Il lago è allungato, ed orientato dal sud-ovest verso il nord-est. Il principale affluente è il fiume Sibiti che entra da sud-ovest, il secondo è Baray dal nord-est, gli altri affluenti sono stagionali.

[ru] Эяси

Эяси — озеро на севере Танзании. Высота над уровнем моря — 1030 м.[источник не указан 855 дней]



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