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Bud Dajo (Tausug: Būd Dahu; Spanish: Monte Dajó), is a cinder cone and the second highest point (+600m) in the province of Sulu, Philippines. it is one of the cinder cones that make up the island of Jolo and part of the Jolo Volcanic Group in the Republic of the Philippines.[2] The extinct volcano is located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast from the town of Jolo in Sulu province. The mountain and adjacent lands were declared as Mount Dajo National Park in 1938.[3] It is a sacred mountain for the locals, and the Tausug people at-large, as well as nearby ethnic groups.[4]

Bud Dajo
Bud Dahu or Mount Dajo
Bud Dajo photographed in 1945
Highest point
Elevation	620 m (2,030 ft)[1]
Prominence	620 m (2,030 ft)
Coordinates	6°0′48″N 121°03′24″E[1]
Geography
Bud Dajo Location in the Philippines Show map of Mindanao Bud Dajo Bud Dajo (Philippines) Show map of Philippines
Location	Sulu Province, Philippines
Geology
Mountain type	Cinder cone
Volcanic arc	Zamboanga-Sulu Arc
Last eruption	Unknown

Physical features

The cinder cone has an elevation of 620 metres (2,030 ft) with a base diameter of 9.5 kilometres (5.9 mi). On the summit of the mountain is 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) crater that is breached to the southwest. The other volcanic edifices adjacent to Bud Dajo are: Matanding, located northeast of the Bud Dajo with an elevation of 400 metres (1,300 ft) asl; Guimba, east and elevation of 482 metres (1,581 ft) asl; and Sungal, southeast which is 518 metres (1,699 ft) asl.,[5] dangerous volcano.

Geology

The basaltic volcanic cone is part of Zamboanga-Sulu volcanic arc.[5]

Eruptions falsely attributed to the mountain

1641

Two volcanoes falsely attributed to the eruption on January 4, 1641 which engulfed southern Philippines in darkness. Further studies later found the eruption to have come from Mount Melibengoy in Cotabato province.[6][7]

1897

The earthquake and subsequent tsunami on September 21, 1897 that devastated the Southern Philippines was believed to be from a submarine eruption therefore excludes Bud Dajo.[1]

PHIVOLCS monitoring activity

A short-term monitoring (seismic and visuals) surveys were conducted by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology in 1993 and in 1997 on the mountain. No unusual activities were observed within the vicinity of the volcano.[5]

Mount Dajo National Park

The mountain and surrounding areas were declared as a national park by Proclamation No. 261 on February 28, 1938 encompassing 213 hectares (530 acres) of land. Recent reports have shown that the mountain is very deforested with few remaining forest cover usually on the steep ridges.[3] The game refuge is not currently listed as a protected area under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources.[8][9]

Fauna

Some vulnerable and endangered species, not necessarily endemic to the area, but can be found within the Mount Dajo National Park are (from BirdLife International):[3]

1. Grey imperial pigeon (Ducula pickeringii), Vulnerable
2. Philippine cockatoo or the red-vented cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia), Critically endangered
3. Sulu hornbill (Anthracoceros montani), Critically endangered
4. Sulu pygmy woodpecker Dendrocopos ramsayi, Vulnerable
5. Winchell's kingfisher or rufous-lored kingfisher (Todiramphus winchelli), Vulnerable

Historical relevance

The mountain was the site of the First Battle of Bud Dajo during the Moro Rebellion of the Philippine–American War in 1906, which culminated in the Moro Crater Massacre, the killing of over 600 villagers (mostly civilians) hiding on the crater of Bud Dajo. The killings, which disrespected the mountain and the spirits, caused massive outrage among the native people as Bud Dajo is a sacred site.[10] The five-day Second Battle of Bud Dajo in 1911 ended with fewer casualties through negotiations, persuading the majority to return home.

See also

• List of active volcanoes in the Philippines
• List of potentially active volcanoes in the Philippines
• List of inactive volcanoes in the Philippines
• List of national parks of the Philippines

References

External links

• Bud Dajo on the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) site
• Jolo at Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program
• What happened at Bud Dajo

На других языках

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- [en] Bud Dajo

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[it] Monte Bud Dajo

Il Bud Dajo, anche Buddajo o Dajo, è con i suoi 620 m di altezza il più elevato cono attivo di un vasto complesso vulcanico [1] costituito da coni piroclastici che forma l'isola di Jolo nell'arcipelago delle Isole Sulu, nella parte più Sud-occidentale dell'arcipelago delle Filippine, ai confini con la Malaysia. Il Bud Dajo è un cono in basalto con un diametro di circa 9 km che ospita, nel cratere principale, il lago Panamao[2]. L'attività vulcanica storica del Bud Dajo riporta di due attività di tipo freatico forse nel 1641 e con sicurezza nel 1897.

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