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The Japanese archipelago (Japanese: 日本列島, Nihon rettō) is a group of 6,852 islands that form the country of Japan, as well as the Russian island of Sakhalin. It extends over 3,000 km (1,900 mi)[1] from the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest to the East China and Philippine Seas in the southwest along the Pacific Ocean coast of the Eurasian continent, and consists of three island arcs from north to south: the Northeastern and Southwestern Japan Arcs, and the Ryukyu Island Arc. The Kuril Island Arc, the Daitō Islands, and the Nanpō Islands are not parts of the archipelago.[clarification needed]

Japanese archipelago
A satellite image of the main archipelago (Ryukyu Islands not pictured)
Geography
Coordinates37°30′52″N 137°42′44″E
Administration
Japan, Russia (Sakhalin)

Japan is the largest island country in East Asia and the fourth-largest island country in the world with 377,975.24 km2 (145,937.06 sq mi).[2][3] It has an exclusive economic zone of 4,470,000 km2 (1,730,000 sq mi).[4]


Terminology


The term "mainland Japan" is used to distinguish the large islands of the Japanese archipelago from the remote, smaller islands; it refers to the main islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku.[5] From 1943 until the end of the Pacific War, Karafuto Prefecture was designated part of the mainland.

The term "home islands" was used at the end of World War II to define the area where Japanese sovereignty and constitutional rule of its emperor would be restricted.[citation needed] The term is also commonly used today to distinguish the archipelago from Japan's colonies and other territories.[6]


Palaeogeography


Main article: Geology of Japan
Changes of land-forms of Japan over time
  • Japanese archipelago, Sea of Japan and surrounding part of continental East Asia in Early Miocene (23-18 Ma)
    Japanese archipelago, Sea of Japan and surrounding part of continental East Asia in Early Miocene (23-18 Ma)
  • Japanese archipelago, Sea of Japan and surrounding part of continental East Asia in Middle Pliocene to Late Pliocene (3.5-2 Ma)
    Japanese archipelago, Sea of Japan and surrounding part of continental East Asia in Middle Pliocene to Late Pliocene (3.5-2 Ma)
  • Japanese archipelago at the Last Glacial Maximum about 20,000 years ago, thin black line indicates present-day shorelines .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}  Vegetated land   Unvegetated land   Ocean
    Japanese archipelago at the Last Glacial Maximum about 20,000 years ago, thin black line indicates present-day shorelines
      Vegetated land
      Unvegetated land
      Ocean

Geography


Main article: Geography of Japan
See also: Prefectures of Japan

The archipelago consists of 6,852 islands[7] (here defined as land more than 100 m in circumference), of which 430 are inhabited.[8] The five main islands, from north to south, are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa.[5] Honshu is the largest and referred to as the Japanese mainland.[9]

The topography is divided as:



  • The Nanpō Islands stretch to the southeast and are administered by Tokyo Metropolis
    The Nanpō Islands stretch to the southeast and are administered by Tokyo Metropolis
  • The Ryukyu Islands, which stretch towards Taiwan, are administered by Kagoshima Prefecture and Okinawa Prefecture
    The Ryukyu Islands, which stretch towards Taiwan, are administered by Kagoshima Prefecture and Okinawa Prefecture
  • Seabed relief map, showing surface and underwater terrain and islands such as Minami-Tori-Shima, Benten-jima, Okinotorishima, and Yonaguni.
    Seabed relief map, showing surface and underwater terrain and islands such as Minami-Tori-Shima, Benten-jima, Okinotorishima, and Yonaguni.

See also



References


  1. "Water Supply in Japan". Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Archived from the original (website) on January 26, 2018. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  2. "Island Countries Of The World". WorldAtlas.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  3. "令和元年全国都道府県市区町村別面積調（１０月１日時点）, Reiwa 1st year National area of each prefecture municipality (as of October 1)" (in Japanese). Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. 26 December 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  4. "日本の領海等概念図". 海上保安庁海洋情報部. Archived from the original on August 12, 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  5. 離島とは(島の基礎知識) [what is a remote island?]. MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) (in Japanese). Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. 22 August 2015. Archived from the original (website) on 2007-11-13. Retrieved 9 August 2019. MILT classification 6,852 islands(main islands: 5 islands, remote islands: 6,847 islands)
  6. Milton W. Meyer, Japan: A Concise History, fourth ed. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012, ISBN 9780742541184, p. 2.
  7. "離島とは(島の基礎知識)". Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Archived from the original (website) on November 13, 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  8. "Islands in Abundance". Look Japan. Vol. 43, no. 493–504. Limited. 1997. p. 35.
  9. "Japanese Archipelago", TheFreeDictionary.com, retrieved 24 June 2013.

На других языках

- [en] Japanese archipelago

[es] Archipiélago japonés

El archipiélago japonés (日本列島, Nihon Rettō?), es el término geográfico usado para referirse al conjunto de islas de gran tamaño que se extiende de norte a sur sobre la costa este de Asia entre el archipiélago de las Kuriles y el archipiélago de las Ryukyu, y abarca el noroeste del océano Pacífico, del cual se encuentra la mayor parte bajo soberanía del Japón y la menor parte bajo soberanía rusa.

[fr] Archipel japonais

L'archipel japonais (日本列島, Nihon rettō?) qui forme le pays du Japon s'étend du nord au sud le long de la côte du continent eurasiatique, la bordure occidentale de l'océan Pacifique.

[ru] Японские острова

Японские острова — группа островов, на территории которых расположено государство Япония. Простирается примерно с северо-востока, на юго-запад вдоль северо-восточного побережья Азии, в северо-западной части Тихого океана.


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