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The Mangakino caldera complex or Mangakino volcanic center is the westernmost and oldest rhyolitic caldera volcano in the Taupō Volcanic Zone of New Zealand's North Island.[1] It produced about a million years ago (1 Ma) in the Kidnappers eruption of 1,200 km3 (287.9 cu mi), the most widespread ignimbrite deposits on Earth and was closely followed in time by the smaller 200 km3 (48.0 cu mi) Rocky Hill eruption.[2] The Kidnappers eruption had a estimated VEI of 8 and has been assigned a total eruption volume (not just tephra) of 2,760 km3 (662.2 cu mi). There were at least 11 major historic eruptions assigned to this complex.[3] At least 5 of these contributed significant welded ignimbrite deposits that represent major pyroclastic events in the central North Island.[4]

Mangakino Caldera
Mangakino Caldera
Highest point
Coordinates38°23′S 175°47′E
Dimensions
Widthunknown
Geography
LocationNorth Island, New Zealand
Geology
Age of rockOver 1 million years
Mountain typeCaldera
Volcanic arc/beltTaupo Volcanic Zone
Mangakino Caldera north of Lake Taupō in the old Taupō Rift (yellow shading). Also shown to its east are the Whakamaru caldera, the more recent Maroa Caldera contained within it and the Ohakuri Caldera which had a paired eruption with the Rotorua Caldera. Also shown is the modern Taupō Rift (red shading), Hauraki Rift (purple shading) and landmarks of Lake Taupō and Lake Rotorua
Mangakino Caldera north of Lake Taupō in the old Taupō Rift (yellow shading). Also shown to its east are the Whakamaru caldera, the more recent Maroa Caldera contained within it and the Ohakuri Caldera which had a paired eruption with the Rotorua Caldera. Also shown is the modern Taupō Rift (red shading), Hauraki Rift (purple shading) and landmarks of Lake Taupō and Lake Rotorua

References


  1. Krippner, Stephen J. P.; Briggs, Roger M.; Wilson, Colin J. N.; Cole, James W. (1998). "Petrography and geochemistry of lithic fragments in ignimbrites from the Mangakino Volcanic Centre: implications for the composition of the subvolcanic crust in western Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 41 (2): 187–199. doi:10.1080/00288306.1998.9514803.
  2. Cooper, G.F.; C. J. Wilson; J. A. Baker; M. Millet (2012). "Rejuvenation and Repeated Eruption of a 1.0 Ma Supervolcanic System at Mangakino Caldera, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. Retrieved 2022-05-15.
  3. "Mangakino". VOGRIPA. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  4. Spinks, Karl D. (2005). "Rift Architecture and Caldera Volcanism in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand".




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