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Izu Ōshima (伊豆大島, Izu-ōshima) is an inhabited volcanic island in the Izu archipelago in the Philippine Sea, off the coast of Honshu, Japan, 22 km (14 mi) east of the Izu Peninsula and 36 km (22 mi) southwest of Bōsō Peninsula.[1] As with the other islands in the Izu Island group, Izu Ōshima forms part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. [2] Izu Ōshima, at 91.06 km2 (35.16 sq mi) is the largest and closest of Tokyo's outlying islands, which also include the Ogasawara Islands.
Native name: 伊豆大島 | |||||
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  Izu Ōshima  Izu Ōshima Izu Ōshima (Kanto Area) | |||||
| Geography | |||||
| Location | Izu Islands | ||||
| Coordinates | 34°44′19″N 139°23′58″E | ||||
| Area | 91.06 km2 (35.16 sq mi) | ||||
| Coastline | 52 km (32.3 mi) | ||||
| Highest elevation | 764 m (2507 ft) | ||||
| Administration | |||||
 Japan | |||||
| Prefecture | Tokyo | ||||
| Subprefecture | Ōshima Subprefecture | ||||
| Town | Ōshima | ||||
| Demographics | |||||
| Population | 8,179 (October 2015) | ||||
| Ethnic groups | Japanese | ||||
| Japanese name | |||||
| Kanji | 伊豆大島 | ||||
| Hiragana | いずおおしま | ||||
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Geography
The island is a stratovolcano with a basaltic composite cone, dating from the late Pleistocene period, between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago. It rises from an ocean floor with a depth of between 300 and 400 meters (984 and 1,312 ft). The island has a roughly circular coastline of approximately 52 kilometers (32 mi) in length. The highest elevation, Mount Mihara (三原山, Mihara-san), is an active volcano with a height of 758 meters (2,487 ft). The mountain has been recorded to have erupted numerous times through history and is mentioned as far back as Nara period written records.
Major eruptions occurred in 1965 and 1986, each forcing the temporary evacuation of the inhabitants. The last recorded eruption was in 1990. The epicenter of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, which devastated Tokyo and the surrounding region, was deep beneath Izu Ōshima Island.
Important Bird Area
The island has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of Japanese wood pigeons, Ijima's leaf-warblers, Izu thrushes and Pleske's grasshopper warblers.[3]
Climate
Izu Ōshima has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with warm summers and cool winters. Precipitation is abundant throughout the year, but is somewhat lower in winter than the rest of the year.
| Climate data for Izu Ōshima (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1938−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.9 (69.6) |
21.0 (69.8) |
22.2 (72.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
28.4 (83.1) |
32.3 (90.1) |
34.3 (93.7) |
35.9 (96.6) |
33.7 (92.7) |
29.7 (85.5) |
24.8 (76.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
35.9 (96.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.2 (57.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
27.8 (82.0) |
29.5 (85.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
22.0 (71.6) |
17.8 (64.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.4 (57.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
16.4 (61.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) |
4.0 (39.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
11.3 (52.3) |
6.5 (43.7) |
13.2 (55.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
0.1 (32.2) |
6.4 (43.5) |
10.4 (50.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 137.3 (5.41) |
146.0 (5.75) |
238.4 (9.39) |
247.4 (9.74) |
256.5 (10.10) |
328.8 (12.94) |
255.9 (10.07) |
191.7 (7.55) |
341.3 (13.44) |
405.2 (15.95) |
192.8 (7.59) |
117.6 (4.63) |
2,858.9 (112.56) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | trace | 1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (0.8) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.1 | 7.7 | 11.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 12.6 | 10.3 | 8.4 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 9.6 | 7.6 | 120 |
| Average snowy days | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 64 | 66 | 70 | 74 | 79 | 85 | 87 | 86 | 83 | 79 | 74 | 68 | 76 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 153.7 | 145.4 | 158.1 | 174.2 | 179.7 | 125.1 | 150.8 | 190.1 | 141.0 | 131.4 | 140.3 | 147.6 | 1,837.2 |
| Source: JMA[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Administration
The island is administered by the Ōshima subprefecture of the Tokyo Metropolitan government. Ōshima Town (大島町, Ōshima-machi) serves as the local government of the island.
Ōshima Town consists of the six traditional hamlets of Okata (岡田), Motomachi (元町), Senzu, Nomashi, Sashikiji and Habuminato (波浮港), with Motomachi as the administrative center.
Access
Izu Ōshima is a popular site for tourists[6] from both Tokyo and Shizuoka due to its close proximity to the mainland. There are a number of ferries which leave from Takeshiba Sanbashi Pier, near Hamamatsuchō, Tokyo to Motomachi Port. Ferries also leave from Atami in Shizuoka to Motomachi Port. Both lanes are operated by Tōkai Kisen
There are several flights per day from Ōshima Airport to Chōfu Airport in Chōfu.
In popular culture
 | This section does not cite any sources. (August 2018) |
Mount Mihara and Izu Ōshima featured prominently in The Return of Godzilla, as the location in which the JSDF successfully trapped Godzilla after luring him to the crater, whereupon charges were detonated, sending him falling into the magma-filled volcano. Mt. Mihara appeared again in the direct sequel, Godzilla vs. Biollante, in which Godzilla was released when the volcano erupted.
Mt. Mihara and Izu Ōshima were also featured in Koji Suzuki's Ring and its film adaptation as pivotal locations for the story.
In the Pokémon franchise, Cinnabar Island is based on Izu Ōshima.
In the anime Vividred Operation, Izu Ōshima is the home of several protagonists.
Gallery
Mt. Mihara with azaleas in the foreground
Summit crater
Izu Oshima Volcano Museum, Motomachi, Ōshima, Tokyo
See also
- List of islands of Japan
- Izu Islands
- Tokyo Islands - English Ship booking and information website of Tokyo Islands(Izu Islands)
- List of volcanoes in Japan
Notes
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Izu Shotō," Japan Encyclopedia, p. 412.
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Ōshima," Japan Encyclopedia, p. 761.
- "Oshima island". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
- 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
- Tokyo Islands "Oshima island"
References
- Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-6465-5 (cloth)
External links
- Ōshima Town Official Website (in Japanese)
- Izu-Oshima - Japan Meteorological Agency (in Japanese)
- "Izu-Oshima: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan" (PDF). - Japan Meteorological Agency
- Izu Oshima - Geological Survey of Japan
- "Izu-Oshima". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
- Tokyo Islands - - English Ship booking to Tokyo Islands(Izu Islands) and travel Information Page of Izu Oshima and other islands in Tokyo
Geographic data related to Izu Ōshima at OpenStreetMap
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На других языках
[de] Izu-Ōshima
Izu-Ōshima (japanisch 伊豆大島) bzw. Ōshima (伊豆大島) ist eine japanische Vulkaninsel im Pazifischen Ozean. Sie gehört geographisch zu den Izu-Inseln, administrativ zur Unterpräfektur Ōshima der Präfektur Tokio und liegt im Fuji-Hakone-Izu-Nationalpark.- [en] Izu Ōshima
[es] Izu Ōshima
Izu Ōshima (伊豆大島, Izu Ōshima?) es una isla volcánica ubicada en las islas Izu (伊豆諸島, islas Izu?), el cual se encuentra al sur de Tokio y al este de la península de Izu, en la prefectura de Shizuoka. Izu Ōshima forma parte del parque nacional Fuji-Hakone-Izu. Administrativamente se conoce como pueblo de Ōshima (大島町, Ōshima-mura?) y forma parte de Tokio.[it] Izu Ōshima
Izu Ōshima (伊豆大島? letteralmente: grande isola delle Izu) è un'isola vulcanica dell'arcipelago giapponese delle Izu (伊豆諸島), situate al largo della costa centro-orientale di Honshū, la maggiore isola del paese.[ru] Идзуосима
Идзуосима (яп. 伊豆大島 Идзуо:сима) — вулканический остров в архипелаге Идзу. Находится приблизительно в 100 км к югу от Токио, в 22 км к востоку от полуострова Идзу и в 36 км юго-западнее полуострова Босо. Входит в префектуру Токио. Посёлок Осима выступает в качестве местного самоуправления острова. Он был основан в 1955 году в результате объединения 6 отдельных сёл: Окада, Мото, Сэндзу, Номаси, Сасики, Набуминато.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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