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The Shandong (Shantung) Peninsula or Jiaodong (Chiaotung) Peninsula is a peninsula in Shandong Province in eastern China, between the Bohai Sea to the north and the Yellow Sea to the south. The latter name refers to the east and Jiaozhou.[1]

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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese. (September 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Chinese article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 774 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at [[:zh:山东半岛]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|zh|山东半岛}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Shandong Peninsula (Shantung Peninsula)
Location of the Shandong Peninsula
Simplified Chinese	山东半岛
Traditional Chinese	山東半島
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Shāndōng Bàndǎo Wade–Giles Shan-tung Pan-tao
Jiaodong Peninsula (Chiaotung Peninsula)
Simplified Chinese	胶东半岛
Traditional Chinese	膠東半島
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Jiāodōng Bàndǎo Wade–Giles Chiao-tung Pan-tao

Geography

The waters bordering the peninsula are Laizhou Bay to the northwest, which opens into the Bohai Sea to the north, which in turn passes through the Bohai Strait to the northeast into the Yellow Sea to the east and south. The peninsula's territory comprises three prefecture-level cities of Shandong: Qingdao in the southwest, Yantai in the north and centre, and Weihai at the eastern tip.

Shandong Peninsula is the largest peninsula in China. Stretching into the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, it is 290 kilometers long from east to west, 190 kilometers wide from north to south, and 50 kilometers narrow. The total area of Shandong Peninsula is 73,000 square kilometers.

Geologically it was once connected to the Korean Peninsula and the Liaodong Peninsula, but was split starting around 27 Ma ago, resulting in the formation of the Yellow Sea.[2]

History

In the Paleolithic, the Shandong Peninsula area was covered by forest. In the Neolithic, about 7,000 years ago, a large number of Dongyi people inhabited the peninsula. The peninsula later belonged to the Shang dynasty. The State of Qi built the Great Wall of Qi, which is partially on the peninsula. The Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory was a leased territory of the German Empire from 1898 to 1914 located around Jiaozhou Bay, where the village of Qingdao (Tsingtao) developed into a major seaport.

Japan seized the territory from Germany in 1914 in the First World War. In the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, Germany lost Qingdao and its sphere of influence in Shandong. Instead of restoring Chinese sovereignty over the area, the treaty transferred the leased territory to the Empire of Japan. This resulted in popular dissatisfaction with the outcome, known as the Shandong Problem, and led to the May Fourth Movement. Eventually, Shandong was reverted to Chinese control in 1922 after mediation by the United States during the Washington Naval Conference. However, Japan retained economic influence in the area.

Due to geographical reasons, the Shandong Peninsula is closely connected with Northeast China and South Korea. Historically, a large number of people migrated to the Northeast by boat, whereas in the present day many people from the Northeast "return" to the Shandong Peninsula. After the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1992, a large number of South Korean companies also set up factories in the region. There are more than 200,000 Koreans living in the Shandong Peninsula. South Korea has a consulate-general in Qingdao .

Natural climate

Shandong Peninsula is surrounded by sea on three sides and has a temperate monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. Due to the influence of the ocean, compared with the same latitude of the inland climate mild, summer without heat, winter without cold.

Shandong Peninsula coast winding, harbor staggered, islands list, is the North China coastal good port concentration area. Qingdao in Jiaozhou Bay, Yantai in Zhifu Bay, Weihai in Weiwan, Shidao in Shidao Bay and Longkou are all famous ports in China. Shandong Peninsula is a warm temperate humid monsoon climate. About 60% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in summer, and the intensity is high, often heavy rain.

The allusions

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and the Han and Tang Dynasties, many famous historical figures appeared on the Shandong Peninsula. A thinker, politician, strategist, agronomists and therapist, little and six towers, sun wu and sun tzu, sun bin, and the world, this and this spring and autumn period, the pipe and the pipe, high RAMS and the male sheep biography, ChunYuYi and he made history records, the king and "SiMaRangJu art of war", jia sixie and qimin yaoshu, etc. With their thoughts, conduct, speech and writings, these sages created a culture of sages that has been passed down through the ages on the Shandong Peninsula.

Up to the Qin Dynasty, the First Emperor of Qin had five Tours in his twelve years, three of which were to the Shandong Peninsula. Xu Fu, a man from Qi in the Qin Dynasty, sailed east to Japan and became the first navigator with a famous family name recorded in the history of Chinese navigation. Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty made seven sea cruises, all of which came to the Shandong Peninsula. The Shandong Peninsula has laid the foundation of China's maritime industry and also the foundation of China's maritime culture.陈杰．从考古资料看先秦时期山东半岛先民的海洋经济生活：《文博》 ，2007 (6) ：16-21

Major urban areas

City	Area (km²)	Population[3]	Notes
Qingdao	11,175.30	10,070,000
Weifang	16,004.89	9,386,700
Yantai	13,746.47	7,102,100
Rizhao	5,347.99	3,084,500
Weihai	5,697.98	2,906,500

In popular culture

The Shandong Peninsula is fictionalized as the "Chinese Peninsula" in the Japanese manga and anime series, Fire Force.

See also

• Geography of China

References

4. 傅广典．山东半岛地域文化的界定、内涵及其传承趋向：《民间文化论坛》，2006 (2) ：59-63

5. 陈杰．从考古资料看先秦时期山东半岛先民的海洋经济生活：《文博》 ，2007 (6) ：16-21

На других языках

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[de] Shandong-Halbinsel

Die Shandong-Halbinsel (chinesisch .mw-parser-output .Hant{font-size:110%}山東半島 / .mw-parser-output .Hans{font-size:110%}山东半岛, Pinyin Shāndōng bàndǎo, deutsch: Östlich des Berges, dt. Schreibweise auch Schantung-Halbinsel) ist eine Halbinsel im Osten der chinesischen Provinz Shandong östlich des Jiaolai-Tales (胶莱谷地 Jiaolai Gudi), das auch als die Jiaolai-Ebene (Jiaolai Pingyuan 胶莱平原) bezeichnet wird. Sie ist eine der drei großen Halbinseln Chinas und bildet die Grenze zwischen dem Golf von Bohai bzw. Bohai-Meer (Bo Hai) und dem Gelben Meer (Huang Hai).[1] Ihr gegenüber liegt die Liaodong-Halbinsel. Beide Halbinseln sind durch die Bohai-Straße (Bohai Haixie) voneinander getrennt. Die hügelige Halbinsel ist reich an Bodenschätzen.

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- [en] Shandong Peninsula

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[es] Península de Shandong

La península de Shāndōng (en chino tradicional, 山東半島; en chino simplificado, 山东半岛), también conocida como península de Jiāodōng (胶东半岛; 膠東半島) es una península en la provincia de Shandong al noreste de China, que marca el límite sur del mar de Bohai. Está enfrentada a la península de Liaodong, separadas ambas por el estrecho de Bohai.

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[ru] Шаньдунский полуостров

Шаньду́нский полуостров (кит. трад. 山東半島, упр. 山东半岛, пиньинь Shāndōng Bàndǎo, палл. Шаньдун Бандао) — полуостров в восточной части Китая (провинция Шаньдун), выступает в Бохайский залив и Жёлтое море (в последнее — на 350 км[1]) в северо-восточном направлении к Корейскому полуострову. Фактически является островом с момента объединения южных и северных речных путей полуострова в единую систему Цзяолайхэ в 1282 году. Площадь — 35 000 км²[1].

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