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The Zeravshan[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] is a river in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, Central Asia. Its name, "spreader of gold" in Persian, refers to the presence of gold-bearing sands in the upper reaches of the river. To the ancient Greeks it was known as the Polytimetus.[2] It was also formerly known as Sughd River. The river is 877 kilometres (545 mi) long and has a basin area of 17,700 square kilometres (6,800 sq mi).[3]

"Zarafshan River" redirects here. For the river in Xinjiang, China, see Yarkand River.
For other uses, see Zarafshan (disambiguation).
Zeravshan
The Zeravshan in Ayni District, Tajikistan
The Zeravshan in the Amu Darya basin
Mouth
Location
CountryTajikistan, Uzbekistan
Physical characteristics
SourceZeravshan Glacier
 • coordinates39°30′N 70°35′E
MouthQorakoʻl oasis
 • coordinates
39.5477°N 63.869°E / 39.5477; 63.869
Length877 km (545 mi)
Basin size17,700 km2 (6,800 sq mi)
Basin features
CitiesPanjakent, Samarkand, Bukhara
Tributaries 
 • leftFan Darya, Kshtut, Magiyan
Location of Zeravshan River in Central Asia.
Location of Zeravshan River in Central Asia.
Zeravshan River and Samarkand from space.[1]
Zeravshan River and Samarkand from space.[1]

Geographic position


It rises at the Zeravshan Glacier, close to where the Turkestan Range and the Zeravshan Range of the Pamir-Alay mountains meet, in Tajikistan. In its upper course, upstream from its confluence with the Fan Darya, it is also called Matcha.[4] It flows due west for some 300 kilometres (190 mi), passing Panjakent before entering Uzbekistan at 39°32′N 67°27′E, where it turns west-to-north-west, flowing past the legendary city of Samarkand, where it feeds the Dargom Canal, which is entirely dependent on the oasis thus created, until it bends left again to the west north of Navoiy and further to the south-west, passing Bukhara before it is lost in the desert beyond the city of Qorakoʻl (Karakul), not quite reaching the Amu Darya, of which it was formerly a tributary.



Tajikistan aims to construct several hydro-electric power stations on Zerafshan River and has signed the MOU in November 2013 with Zarvon Corporation for the financing and construction of the plants. All previous MOU's have been voided.


See also



Notes


  1. Romanized variously as Zarafshan, Zarafshon, Zerafshan, Zaraafshaan, etc.
  2. Tajik: Дарёи Зарафшон, romanized: Daryoyi Zarafshon; Uzbek: Zeravshon, Зеравшон, زېرەۋشان; from Persian Persian: زرافشان, romanized: Zarâfšân – meaning "the spreader of gold"

References


  1. Samarkand, Uzbekistan
  2.  Smith, William, ed. (1857). "Oxia Palus". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Vol. 2. London: John Murray. p. 505.
  3. Зеравшан (река в Ср. Азии), Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  4. "Third National Communication of the Republic of Tajikistan under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" (PDF). 2014. p. 84.

Further reading


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На других языках

[de] Serafschan

Der Serafschan (tadschikisch Зарафшон, Sarafschon; usbekisch Zarafshon; deutsch auch Serawschan von russisch Зеравшан, Serafschan; anglisiert Zeravshan; im Oberlauf auch Матча, Mattscha) ist ein Fluss in Tadschikistan und Usbekistan. Der Name des Flusses ist persischer Herkunft und bedeutet „Goldspender“.
- [en] Zeravshan (river)

[es] Río Zeravshan

El río Zeravshán o Zarafshán (en tayiko, Зарафшон; un término procedente de la palabra persa زر افشان, que significa «rociador de oro») es un río de Asia central, un río menor y menos conocido que los dos ríos principales, el Amu Daria (u Oxus) y el Sir Daria (o Yaxartes), aunque es una de las fuentes más valiosas de irrigación de la región. Fue un afluente del Amu Daria, que debido a las numerosas tomas de agua en su curso, no llega al río más que de forma más esporádica. Tiene una longitud de 781 km y discurre por Tayikistán y Uzbekistán, drenando una cuenca de 17 700 km², similar a países como Kuwait y Fiyi.

[it] Zeravshan

Lo Zeravshan (in tagico Дарёи Зарафшон, Daryoyi Zarafşon; in usbeco Зеравшон, Zeravshon; in russo Зеравшан, Zeravshan, Zaravshan o Zarafshon; noto nel suo corso superiore come Матча, Matcha) è un fiume del Tagikistan e dell'Uzbekistan. Il nome del fiume è di origine persiana e significa «apportatore di oro».

[ru] Зеравшан

Зеравшан[1], Зарафшан[2] (перс. زرافشان‎, тадж. Зарафшон — «золотоносная», узб. Zarafshon/Зарафшон/زېرەۋشان; из персидского слова Zar-afšān, زرافشان, означающего «разбрасыватель золота»; в верховье — Матча, в низовье — Каракульдарья) — река в Таджикистане и Узбекистане. В древности являлась притоком Амударьи, в настоящее время не доходит до неё из-за разбора воды на орошение, разделяясь на рукава в Каракульском оазисе. Зеравшан орошает земли с богатой культурной историей.


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