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The Napo River (Spanish: Río Napo) is a tributary to the Amazon River that rises in Ecuador on the flanks of the east Andean volcanoes of Antisana, Sincholagua and Cotopaxi.

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Napo river
The Napo River to the east of Coca
Map of the Amazon Basin with the Napo River highlighted
Location
Countries	Ecuador Peru
Physical characteristics
Source	Cotopaxi in the Andes
• location	Ecuador
• coordinates	0°40′S 78°25′W
Mouth	Amazon River
• location	70 km (43 mi) downstream from Iquitos, Loreto Region, Peru
• coordinates	3°27′28″S 72°43′3″W
Length	1,130 km (700 mi)[1]
Basin size	103,307.79 km2 (39,887.36 sq mi)[2][3]
Discharge
• location	Francisco de Orellana, Maynas, Loreto Region (near mouth)
• average	7,147.761 m3/s (252,420.8 cu ft/s)[4]
Discharge
• location	Mazán (Bella Vista), Loreto Region, Peru - 79,76 km upstream of mouth (basin size 100,518 km2 (38,810 sq mi)[2][5]
• average	(Period: 1991-2009)6,660 m3/s (235,000 cu ft/s)[6] 7,032.018 m3/s (248,333.4 cu ft/s)[7]
• minimum	3,250 m3/s (115,000 cu ft/s)
• maximum	11,200 m3/s (400,000 cu ft/s)
Discharge
• location	Santa Clotilde, Maynas, Loreto Region, Peru - 256.2 km upstream of mouth (basin size 85,770 km2 (33,120 sq mi)
• average	(Period: 2002-2011)5,895 m3/s (208,200 cu ft/s)[2] (Period: 2001-2005)5,700 m3/s (200,000 cu ft/s)[8]
Discharge
• location	Nueva Rocafuerte, Ecuador - 574.1 km upstream of mouth (basin size 26,879.7 km2 (10,378.3 sq mi)[9] (Period: 2001-2005)2,227 m3/s (78,600 cu ft/s)[8]
• average	(Period: 2001-2009)2,031 m3/s (71,700 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Tributaries
• left	Aguarico, Coca, Tamboyacu
• right	Yasuní, Tiputini, Curaray, Mazan

The total length is 1,075 km (668 mi). The river drains an area of 103,307.79 km² (39,887.36 sq mi). The mean annual discharge is 6,660 m³/s (235,000 cu ft/s)[9] (Mazán).

Geography

Before it reaches the plains it receives a great number of small streams from impenetrable, saturated and much broken mountainous districts, where the dense and varied vegetation seems to fight for every piece of ground. From the north it is joined by the Coca River, having its sources in the gorges of Cayambe volcano on the equator, and also a powerful river, the Aguarico having its headwaters between Cayambe and the Colombia frontier. From the west, it receives a secondary tributary, the Curaray, from the Andean slopes, between Cotopaxi and the Tungurahua volcano. From its Coca branch to the mouth of the Curaray the Napo is full of snags and shelving sandbanks and throws out numerous canoes among jungle-tangled islands, which in the wet season are flooded, giving the river an immense width. From the Coca to the Amazon it runs through a forested plain where not a hill is visible from the river - its uniformly level banks being only interrupted by swamps and lagoons. From the Amazon the Napo is navigable for river craft up to its Curaray branch, a distance of about 216 mi (348 km), and perhaps a bit further; thence, by painful canoe navigation, its upper waters may be ascended as far as Santa Rosa, the usual point of embarkation for any venturesome traveller who descends from the Quito tableland. The Coca river may be penetrated as far up as its middle course, where it is jammed between two mountain walls, in a deep canyon, along which it dashes over high falls and numerous reefs. This is the stream made famous by the expedition of Gonzalo Pizarro.

Tributary

Drainge basin

Discharge

Napo River at Bellavista (km ~79,8 km) multiannual average (Q_mean), dominante (Q_dominante) discharge m³/s and sediment load (S) ton/year (1991-2009)

Period of data	Qmean	Smean	Qdominante
1991/1992	5667	28,608	6009
1992/1993	7104	47,718	7447
1993/1994	8013	67,159	8583
1994/1995	6055	34,801	6525
1995/1996	5956	34,017	6463
1996/1997	6262	38,258	6790
1997/1998	9839	105,956	10354
1998/1999	6839	51,48	7686
1999/2000	6725	49,735	7576
2000/2001	6452	38,527	6810
2001/2002	5979	32,431	6335
2002/2003	5669	32,154	6312
2003/2004	6148	41,916	7054
2004/2005	6456	37,953	6767
2005/2006	6143	34,77	6523
2006/2007	6535	40,344	6942
2007/2008	6615	40,832	6977
2008/2009	7428	52,504	7749
1991-2009	6660	44,953	7161

References:

Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del Río Napo (Ecuador-Perú)

Napo River at Bellavista (km ~79,8) mean annual (Q_mean), maximum (Q_max), minimum (Q_min) discharge (2011-2012) and multiannual average (Q_normal) discharge (1969-2011) m³/s

	Qmean	Qmax	Qmin	Qnormal
Sep	4551,3	5441	3757	5121,2
Oct	5344,9	6995	2894	4898,6
Nov	4427	6878	3023	5595,1
Dec	6536,8	9160	5205	5660,6
Jan	7998,7	9501	4868	4580,7
Feb	6536,8	8302	5155	4386,9
Mar	9557,2	12150	5417	5824,1
Apr	11843,7	12230	10870	7502,4
May	10322,7	10790	9702	8941,3
Jun	8878,8	9961	7011	9422,9
Jul	8189,3	9228	7197	8844,7
Aug	5182	7605	3975	6612,4
Average	7447,4	9020	5756	6449,2

References:

Boletin extraordinario de la evaluación hidrológica y pluviométrica en la cuenca amazónica peruana (Senamhi, 2012)

Napo River at Bellavista (km ~79,8) mean annual (Q_mean), maximum (Q_max), minimum (Q_min) discharge (2012-2013) and multiannual average (Q_normal) discharge (1969-2012) m³/s

	Qmean	Qmax	Qmin	Qnormal
Sep	5037	7822	3249	5096
Oct	5113	6457	4632	4918
Nov	4130	5660	3102	5567
Dec	4755	6838	3568	5698
Jan	7589	9183	3854	4723
Feb	5851	9071	4170	4465
Mar	10060	10740	9127	5973
Apr	9405	10610	8675	7683
May	8322	10570	6932	8999
Jun	10495	11230	9743	9400
Jul	9675	10410	8402	8817
Aug	9001	9776	8386	6551
Average	7452,7	9030	6153	6490,8

References:

Boletin extraordinario de la evaluación hidrológica y pluviométrica en la cuenca amazónica peruana (Senamhi, 2013)

Napo River at Bellavista (km ~79,8) mean annual and multiannual average discharge

Period of data	Multiannual average discharge	References
1930-2006	6,464 m3/s (228,300 cu ft/s)	Evaluación hidrológica de las cuencas amazonicas peruanas (HiBam/Senamhi/IRD, octubre 2011)
1989-2010	6,360 m3/s (225,000 cu ft/s); Q-dominante 6,865 m3/s (242,400 cu ft/s)	Hydrodinamic and sediment transport modelling in a bend of Napo amazonian river: Morphodynamics and infrastructure implications (IAHR, 2015)
1991-2009	6,660 m3/s (235,000 cu ft/s)	Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del Río Napo (Ecuador-Perú)
1997-2015	6,734.2 m3/s (237,820 cu ft/s)	Assessing the performance of global hydrological models for capturing peak river flows in the Amazon basin (2019)
2000-2011	6,461 m3/s (228,200 cu ft/s)	Línea Base Ambiental (Lahmeyer Agua Energia S.A.)
2001-2012	6,758 m3/s (238,700 cu ft/s)	Preliminary Analysis of Potential for River Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies in the Amazon Basin
2001-2009	6,369 m3/s (224,900 cu ft/s)	Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del Río Napo (Ecuador-Perú)
2003-2009	6,855 m3/s (242,100 cu ft/s); Q-min 1,875 m3/s (66,200 cu ft/s); Q-max 13,020 m3/s (460,000 cu ft/s)	Modelado hidrologico distribuido de la Cuenca Amazonica Peruana utilizando preciptación obtenida por satelite, 2013
2004-2010	6,609 m3/s (233,400 cu ft/s)	Suspended sediment dynamics in the Amazon River of Peru
2001-2005	6,976 m3/s (246,400 cu ft/s)	Sediment budget of the Napo River, Amazon basin, Ecuador and Peru
2004-2006	6,267 m3/s (221,300 cu ft/s)	Sediment budget of the Napo River, Amazon basin, Ecuador and Peru
2016-2017	9,338 m3/s (329,800 cu ft/s); Q-min 4,654 m3/s (164,400 cu ft/s); Q-max 13,200 m3/s (470,000 cu ft/s)	Hydrological modeling of the Peruvian-Ecuadorian Amazon Basin using GPM-IMERG satellite-based precipitation dataset[permanent dead link] (2017)
	Confluence of Amazon River: 8,936 m3/s (315,600 cu ft/s)	Inventario y evaluación nacional de aguas superficiales (ONERN, 1980)
	Bellavista: 7,032.018 m3/s (248,333.4 cu ft/s); Confluence of Amazon River: 7,147.761 m3/s (252,420.8 cu ft/s)	Rivers Network (2020)

See also

• Lake Pilchicocha

References

На других языках

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[de] Río Napo

Der Río Napo (im Deutschen oft auch kurz: Napo) ist ein 950 Kilometer langer linker Nebenfluss des Amazonas. Das Einzugsgebiet umfasst 115.000 km² (nach anderen Quellen: 100.500 km²). Seine Wasserführung liegt bei 4600 m³/s,[3] nach anderen Quellen bei 6.300 m³/s.[4]

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- [en] Napo River

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[es] Río Napo

El río Napo es un largo río sudamericano que recorre buena parte de los territorios amazónicos de Ecuador y Perú, uno de los principales afluentes directos del río Amazonas en su curso alto. Tiene una longitud de 1.130 km,[1] de los que 667 km corresponden a territorio peruano.[2]

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[it] Rio Napo

Il Rio Napo è un fiume che nasce in Ecuador e si getta nel Rio delle Amazzoni in Perù.

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[ru] Напо (река)

Напо (Napo) — река в Южной Америке (Эквадор, Перу), левый приток Амазонки. Длина 1130 км[1] (из них 667 км — в Перу[2]).

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