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The Mureș (Romanian: [ˈmureʃ]; Hungarian: Maros, IPA: [ˈmɒroʃ]; Serbian: Мориш, romanized: Moriš) is a 789-kilometre-long (490 mi) river in Eastern Europe. Its drainage basin covers an area of 30,332 km2 (11,711 sq mi).[3]: 22  It originates in the Hășmașu Mare Range in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, Romania, rising close to the headwaters of the river Olt, and joins the Tisza at Szeged in southeastern Hungary. In Romania, its length is 761 km (473 mi) and its basin size is 27,890 km2 (10,770 sq mi).[4]

Mureș/Maros
The Mureș in Arad
Mureș in Romania
Location
CountriesRomania and Hungary
Cities
  • Arad
  • Târgu Mureș
  • Szeged
Physical characteristics
SourceCarpathian Mountains
 • locationIzvorul Mureșului, Harghita County, Romania
 • coordinates46°36′55″N 25°37′2″E
 • elevation850 m (2,790 ft)
MouthTisza
 • location
Szeged, Csongrád County, Hungary
 • coordinates
46°15′6″N 20°11′39″E
 • elevation
75 m (246 ft)
Length789 km (490 mi)
Basin size30,332 km2 (11,711 sq mi) 30,190.1 km2 (11,656.5 sq mi)[1]
Discharge 
 • locationMakó
 • average184 m3/s (6,500 cu ft/s)
Discharge 
 • locationSzeged (near mouth)
 • average188.895 m3/s (6,670.8 cu ft/s)[2]
Basin features
ProgressionTisza→ Danube→ Black Sea
Tributaries 
 • leftTârnava, Sebeș, Strei
 • rightArieș

The Mureș River flows through the Romanian counties Harghita, Mureș, Alba, Hunedoara, Arad and Timiș, and the Hungarian county Csongrád. The largest cities on the Mureș/Maros are Târgu Mureș, Alba Iulia, Deva and Arad in Romania, and Makó in Hungary.

The Hungarian reaches of the Mureș/Maros are 73 km (45 mi) long as the state border. Some 28.5 km2 (11.0 sq mi) on the northern side of the river are protected as part of the Körös-Maros National Park. The Maros Floodplain Protected Area consists of gallery forests, floodplain meadows and 0.6 km2 (0.23 sq mi) of forest reserve near Szeged.

Salt used to be traded in medieval times on the river on large rafts.


Name


The river is known to be first mentioned by Herodotus in 484 BC bearing the name Maris (Μάρις).[5] Strabo calls it Marisos (Μάρισος).[6] It was known in Latin as the Marisus; It is also mentioned in 948 AD, in a document of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII, under the name Moreses (Μορήσης).[7][8]

It was also known in German variously as the Mieresch, Marosch or Muresch, owing to Transylvanian Saxon settlements and prior Habsburg rule. It was known in Turkish as the Maroş or Muriş under the Ottomans.


Towns and villages


The following towns are situated along the river Mureș, from source to mouth: Toplița, Reghin, Târgu Mureș, Luduș, Ocna Mureș, Aiud, Teiuș, Alba Iulia, Geoagiu, Orăștie, Simeria, Deva, Lipova, Arad, Nădlac (all in Romania), Makó, Szeged (both in Hungary).

The Mureș flows through the following communes (grouped by counties, from source to mouth):


Tributaries


The following rivers are tributaries to the river Mureș (from source to mouth):[4]

Left: Cărbunele Negru, Senetea, Fierăstrăul, Șumuleul Mare, Borzontul Mare, Borzontul Mic, Pietrosul, Bacta, Limbuș, Piatra, Eseniu, Martonca, Calnaci, Muscă, Gălăuțaș, Zăpodea, Măgheruș, Mărșinețul de Sus, Gudea Mare, Sălard, Iod, Borzia, Sebeș, Fițcău, Idicel, Deleni, Gurghiu, Mocear, Beica, Habic, Petrilaca, Valea cu Nuci, Terebici, Pocloș, Budiu, Niraj, Pârâul Mare, Lăscud, Sărata, Șeulia, Valea Luncilor, Ațintiș, Găbud, Fărău, Ciunga, Pusta Băgăului, Rât, Târnava, Hăpria, Sebeș, Pianul, Cioara, Cugir, Vaidei, Romos, Orăștie, Turdaș, Strei, Tâmpa, Cerna, Herepeia, Căoi, Vulcez, Leșnic, Săcămaș, Plai, Dobra, Abucea, Valea Mare, Sălciva, Peștiș, Căpriorișca, Somonița, Birchiș, Izvor, Corbul, Fiac, Suliniș, Lalașinț, Chelmac, Pârâul Mare, Șiștarovăț, Țârnobara, Sinicoț, Valea Fânețelor de Jos, Zădărlac, Zădăreni

Right: Chindeni, Arinul Scurt, Chirtoegher, Strâmba, Pârâul Noroios, Belcina, Lăzarea, Ghiduț, Ditrău, Faier, Jolotca, Filipea, Sărmaș, Ciucic, Toplița, Călimănel, Mermezeu, Zebrac, Neagra, Ilva, Obcina Ferigerilor, Răstolița, Gălăoaia, Bistra, Pietriș, Dumbrava, Râpa, Agriș, Lueriu, Luț, Șar, Voiniceni, Cuieșd, Valea Fânațelor, Șăușa, Valea din Jos, Lechința, Ranta, Pârâul de Câmpie, Grindeni, Arieș, Unirea, Ciugud, Ormeniș, Mirăslău, Lopadea, Aiud, Gârbova, Geoagiu (Alba), Galda, Ampoi, Pâclișa, Valea Vințului, Blandiana, Stânișoara, Băcăinți, Homorod, Geoagiu (Hunedoara), Boiul, Bobâlna, Valea lui Sânpetru, Lazu, Vărmaga, Certej, Boholt, Căian, Bejan, Boz, Sârbi, Băcișoara, Gurasada, Zam, Almaș, Petriș, Crăciuneasca, Troaș, Vinești, Stejar, Julița, Valea Mare, Grosul, Monoroștia, Bârzava, Nadăș, Conop, Cornic, Milova, Jernova, Șoimoș, Radna, Cladova, Crac, Száraz-ér


Images



See also



References


  1. "Rivers Network". 2020.
  2. "Rivers Network". 2020.
  3. Analysis of the Tisza River Basin 2007, IPCDR
  4. Atlasul cadastrului apelor din România. Partea 1 (in Romanian). Bucharest: Ministerul Mediului. 1992. pp. 133–191. OCLC 895459847. River code: IV.1
  5. Hdt. 4.49
  6. Str. 7.3.13
  7. Const. Porph. Admin. 40.39
  8. Béla Köpeczi, History of Transylvania: From the beginnings to 1606.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mureș River.

На других языках

[de] Mureș (Fluss)

Der Mureș (deutsch Mieresch oder Marosch; ungarisch Maros; in der Antike griechisch Μάρισος .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}Marisos oder Μάρις Maris, lateinisch Marisus) ist ein Fluss in Rumänien und Ungarn mit einer Länge von 766 Kilometern.[1] Auf rumänischem Gebiet fließt er, nach unterschiedlichen Angaben, auf einer Länge von 719 Kilometern (47 Kilometer auf ungarischem Gebiet)[1] oder auf einer Länge von 761 Kilometern.[3]
- [en] Mureș (river)

[es] Río Mureș

El río Mureș (en rumano) o Maros (en húngaro) es un río europeo que discurre por Hungría y Rumania, un afluente del río Tisza, a su vez tributario del río Danubio por la margen izquierda. Tiene una longitud de 725 km.

[it] Mureș (fiume)

Il fiume Mureș (Maros in ungherese, Mieresch o Marosch in tedesco; anticamente era conosciuto con il nome latino di Marisus) è un corso d'acqua che attraversa la Romania e l'Ungheria e dopo 761 km si getta nel Tibisco.

[ru] Марош

Ма́рош (венг. Maros, на территории Венгрии), Му́реш (рум. Mureş, на территории Румынии) — река в Румынии и Венгрии, левый приток Тисы.


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