geo.wikisort.org - ReservoirSong-Köl (Kyrgyz: Соң-Көл,[2] IPA: [sóɴkœl], also Соңкөл Songköl,[3] literally "following lake", Russian: Сон-Куль, romanized: Son-Kul',[4] also Сонкёль Sonkyol'[5]) is an alpine lake in northern Naryn Region, Kyrgyzstan. It lies at an altitude of 3016 m, and has an area of about 270 km2 and volume of 2.64 km3. The lake's maximum length is 29 km, breadth about 18 km, and the deepest point is 13.2 m. It is the second largest lake in Kyrgyzstan after Issyk-Kul, and the largest fresh water lake in Kyrgyzstan.
Body of water
Song-Köl |
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Northern shore of the Song-Köl |
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Coordinates | 41°50′N 75°10′E |
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Type | Endorheic Mountain lake |
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Primary inflows | Glaciers |
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Primary outflows | Evaporation and the river Kajyrty |
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Basin countries | Kyrgyzstan |
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Surface area | 270 km2 (100 sq mi) |
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Max. depth | 13 m (43 ft) |
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Water volume | 2.64 km3 (2,140,000 acre⋅ft) |
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Surface elevation | 3,016 m (9,895 ft) |
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Official name | Son-Kol Lake |
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Designated | 23 January 2011 |
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Reference no. | 1943[1] |
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Geography
High altitude Song-Köl belongs to the Naryn river basin. The lake sits in the central part of Song-Köl Valley surrounded by Songköl Too ridge from the north, and Borbor Alabas and Moldo Too mountains from the south. Hydrologically, the Song-Köl basin is characterized by poorly developed surface stream flows, and substantial subsurface flow. Four perennial rivers - Kumbel, Aktash, Tashdöbö, and Karakeche - disgorge themselves into the lake. In the south-east, the structural high is cut through by the river Kajyrty (in its upper course also called Song-Köl) that flows into the Naryn.[3][6]
Environment
Climate
The mean temperature in the lake basin is −3.5 °C (25.7 °F) with mean temperature of −20 °C (−4 °F) in January, and 11 °C (52 °F) in July. Annual precipitation averages 300–400 mm from April to October, and 100–150 mm from November to March. Snow cover in the lake basin persists for 180 to 200 days a year. In winter the lake surface freezes, the ice becoming as much as 1-1.2 m thick. The ice on the Song-Köl begins to thaw in the middle or at the end of April, and completely disappears by late May.[7][8]
Ecology
In 2011, Song-Köl was designated by Kyrgyzstan as its third Wetland of International Importance for the Ramsar List.[9] Since 1998, a section of the lake and its shore (3,400 ha land, 5,200 ha water) is protected as part of the Karatal-Japyryk Nature Reserve.[10]
History
There are several signs of nomadic life from the earlier times in the Son Kul valley. Ancient petroglyphs can be found east from the lake and there are round stone settings that have similarities with the ones found in Mongolia and Altai area. Several different sized burial mounds can be also found around the lake.[11]
References
- "Son-Kol Lake". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- Law 4 August 2008 No. 191 (in Kyrgyz)
- "Соңкөл" [Song-Köl] (PDF). Кыргызстандын Географиясы [Geography of Kyrgyzstan] (in Kyrgyz). Bishkek. 2004. p. 219–220.
- Decree 13 June 1990 No. 178 (in Russian)
- Сонкёль in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969–1978 (in Russian)
- Атлас Кыргызской Республики [Atlas of Kyrgyz Republic] (in Russian). Bishkek: Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz SSR. 1987. p. 156.
- Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) (PDF), 2010, retrieved 14 December 2021
- Иссык-Куль. Нарын:Энциклопедия [Encyclopedia of Issyk-Kul and Naryn Oblasts] (in Russian). Bishkek: Chief Editorial Board of Kyrgyz Soviet Encyclopedia. 1994. p. 512. ISBN 5-89750-009-6.
- "Kyrgyz Republic names high altitude lake". ramsar.org. 8 March 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
- "Karatal-Japyryk Nature Reserve". Specially Protected Areas and Biodiversity of Kyrgyzstan (in Russian). Retrieved 13 January 2022.
- "Son Kul". Central Asia Guide.
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На других языках
[de] Songköl
Der Songköl (kirgisisch Соңкөл, engl. Song-Kul) ist ein Bergsee im Norden des kirgisischen Gebiets Naryn in Zentralasien. Er ist während der Sommermonate (Juni–September) mit geländegängigen Personenkraftwagen über zwei „Straßen“ zu erreichen: (a) von Kotschkor oder von Naryn, jeweils über die A 365 in Richtung Sary-Bulak und von der Abzweigung 5 km südlich dieses Dorfs 85 km nach Westen durch das Tal des Tölök entlang der Südflanke der Karakatty-Gebirgskette und schließlich über den 3446 m hohen Kalmak-Pass und damit den Gebirgszug des Songköltoo, und mit etwa 3 Stunden Fahrzeit in beiden Fällen; oder (b) von Naryn 85 km nach Westen bis Ak-Tal und von dort rund 50 km über den schwierigen, 3150 m hohen Moldo-Pass durch die Moldotoo-Kette nach Norden zum See.
- [en] Song-Köl
[fr] Lac Son Koul
Le lac Son Koul (en kirghiz Соң-Көл, Soñ-Köl) est un lac de haute montagne du Kirghizistan, situé dans le massif des Tian Shan, à l'altitude de 3 016 m, au nord-ouest de la ville de Naryn.
[it] Songköl
Il Songköl (altresì chiamato Son-Kul o Son Köl, in chirghiso: Соңкөл) è un lago alpino endoreico nella catena del Tien Shan, sito nel Kirghizistan centrale.
[ru] Сонкёль
Сонкё́ль[5][6][7][8][3][4][9] (Сонг-Кёль[7][10][1][9], Сон-Куль[11][9], Сон-Кёль[12], Сонгкёль[8], Сонкуль[8]; кирг. Соңкөл[5][13]) — крупное высокогорное озеро, зажатое в котловине между внутренними отрогами Тянь-Шаня. Расположено между грядами Сонкёл-Тоо и Молдо-Тоо, на высоте 3016 м выше уровня моря в северо-западной части Нарынской области (Киргизия). Является потенциальным объектом экологического туризма. Вокруг озера девственные пастбища и заповедная зона. Ближайший крупный населённый пункт — посёлок Чаек.
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