The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Haryana.
Overview of and topical guide to Haryana
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Where in India Haryana is located.
Haryana– one of the 28 states of the democratic Republic of India. Located in northern region of the Indian subcontinent, it is India's 21st largest state by area, and 18th most populous state. Haryana surrounds the National Capital Territory of Delhi on three sides, forming the latter's northern, western and southern borders. The economic, social and cultural facets of Haryana include high economic development, high GDP per capita, high life expectancy, low female-to-male sex ratio, and rich sporting tradition.
General reference
Names
Common name: Haryana
Pronunciation: /ˌhɑːriˈɑːnə/
Official name: State of Haryana
Adjectival(s): Haryanavi
Etymology and Meaning of the Name: from the Sanskrit words Hari (a name of Vishnu) and ayana (home), meaning "the Abode of God".
ISO subdivision code: IN-HR
Rankings (amongst India's states)
Out of total 29 states and union territories (1st highest, 35th lowest):
by area (higher rank is bigger): 21st (2011 census)
by population (higher rank is bigger): 18th
by gross domestic product (GDP) (higher rank is better): 13th (2014)
by per capita income (higher rank is better): 6th
by unemployment rate (lower is better): 20th (47 per 1000)
by house ownership (higher rank is better): 14th (88.4%)
by Human Development Index (HDI) (higher rank is better): 9th
by life expectancy at birth (higher rank is better): 12th
by vaccination coverage (higher rank is better): 8th (74.8%)
by low-BMI underweight people: (lower rank is better): male 12th (24.8%), female 15th (25.8%)
by literacy rate (higher rank is better): 22nd
by sex ratio (higher rank is better): 30th
by cognizable crime rate (lower rank is better): 4th (2015)
by suicide rate (lower rank is better): 15th (10.9 annual suicide per lakh of population)
Geography of Haryana
Haryana is: an Indian state
Area of Haryana: 44,212km², or 1.34% of India's total geographical area
Population of Haryana: 25,353,081, or 2.09% of India's population (2011 Census of India)
Deswali (dialect) (also called Deshwali, Desari and Desaru, spoken in Deswal region covering districts of Rohtak, Sonipat and Jhajjar.
Standard Haryanvi (dialect) spoken in Jind, Hisar, Hansi, Bhiwani, Tosham, Charki Dadri, Meham and Gohana.
Jatu (dialect)(dialect of the Jats) sub-dialect of deswali, spoken by Jats and Rors in low-lying khadir flood planes on western banks of Yamuna in Panipat, Karnal,Kuruksehtra and Yamunanagar districts.
Bangru (dialect) (also called Banagaru, Hariani & Haryiani, spoken in areas between Khadar region, Bagar region and deswali region in Kaithal District, Pehowa, Tohana, Barwala, Narwana and Assandh.
Bagri language spoken in (Bagar region of sandy western Haryana covering Sirsa, Ellenabad, Fatehabad, Adampur, Balsamand, Siwani and Bahal in Haryana.
Sansi language (distinct language of Sansi nomads, with influence of Rajasthani, Punjabi, Haryanvi and Hindi languages)
Mewati language is spoken in Nuh District, Sohna and part of Palwal District.
Ahirwati dialect of Mewati language is spoken in Rewari, Mahendragarh, Narnaul, Loharu, Matanheil and parts of Gurugram District like Pataudi and Manesar.
(Rangri dialect is another type for Haryanvi language used by haryanvi-Muslim migrants living in Pakistan)
Pahari languages (in hill areas of Ambala, Panchkula and Yamuna Nagar districts)
Punjabi languages
Puadhi dialect is spoken in districts of Panchkula District, Ambala District and parts of Kuruksehtra District like Shahbad Markanda.
Malwai dialect dialect is spoken in northern Sirsa District which includes Mandi Dabwali, Kalanwali and Odhan. It also spoken in Ratia Tehsil of Fatehbad District.
Rathi dialect is spoken in central Sirsa District and northern Faridabad district..
Brahmin, 20% to 22% Second largest ethnic group of Haryana.Historically socio-economically dominant.
OBC, 24%, Includes Ahir, Saini, Yadava, etc. Excluding Jats who have been demanding OBC status for jobs.
Scheduled Castes, 21%, Dalits, from marginalised communities such as Balmiki, Chamar, Dhanak and Khatik.
Other non-dalit non-SC castes, 7% to 10, Includes mainly Baniya and Punjabi people (excluding Jat Sikh, Punjabi speaking 1947 partition migrants who are now natives of Haryana) and the rest.
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