geo.wikisort.org - Reservoir

The Markermeer (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌmɑrkərˈmeːr]) is a 700 km² (270 sq mi) lake in the central Netherlands in between North Holland, Flevoland, and its smaller and larger neighbors, the IJmeer and IJsselmeer. A shallow lake at 3 to 5 m in depth, matching the reclaimed land to its west, north-west and east it is named after the small former island, now peninsula, of Marken on its west shore.

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Markermeer
Sentinel-2 photo
Markermeer in dark blue
Location	Netherlands
Coordinates	52°34′N 5°13′E
Surface area	700 km2 (270 sq mi)
Max. depth	5 m (16 ft)
Ramsar Wetland
Official name	Markermeer & IJmeer
Designated	29 August 2000
Reference no.	1245[1]

The Markermeer was not originally intended to remain a lake. It was formerly part of the Zuiderzee, a saltwater inlet of the North Sea, that was dammed off by the Afsluitdijk (Closure Dike) in 1932, turning the Zuiderzee into the freshwater IJsselmeer. The following years saw the reclamation of extensive tracts of land as large polders in an enormous project known as the Zuiderzee Works. One of these, the Markerwaard, was to occupy the area of the current Markermeer. Part of the construction of this polder was building the Houtribdijk, also called Markerwaarddijk, finished in 1976, which hydrologically splits the IJsselmeer in two, the southern section being the Markermeer.

Because of changing priorities and doubts about its financial feasibility, the Markerwaard was indefinitely postponed in the 1980s and the Markermeer has since begun to become an ecological and recreational asset on its own.

The Markermeer is used as a freshwater reservoir and a buffer against floodwaters and droughts. In 2003 the Netherlands was hit by drought, and several minor dikes were endangered. Water from the Markermeer was used to keep the area surrounding Amsterdam wet, thereby keeping the dikes safe.

A recent project, the Marker Wadden aims to create some islands in the north of the lake,[2] with a view to establish breeding grounds for seabirds. The islands will be a wetland, comparable with the Wadden Sea, but without appreciable tides because the Markermeer is not connected with the sea. This new nature reserve will be made accessible to tourists.

See also

• Zuiderzeemuseum
• IJsselmeer

References

External links

• Media related to Markermeer at Wikimedia Commons
• Markermeer ENC Chart (fishing marine charts for navigation)
• Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat):
  • Markermeer (in Dutch) with facts, projects, news and daily messages
  • Marker Wadden (in English)
  • Targets and results of the Houtribdijk - Reinforcement of the Houtribdijk - Videos about the Houtribdijk:
    • Houtribdijk reinforcement: Building with Nature (March 2019)
    • Reinforcement Houtribdijk with sandy banks: a worldwide first. These are downloadable videos, with information in transcripts.

На других языках

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[de] Markermeer

Das Markermeer (niederländisch meer – der See) ist ein 700 km² großer, bis zu vier Meter tiefer See in den Niederlanden. Er entstand 1976 durch den Bau des Markerwaarddijk von Enkhuizen nach Lelystad. Dieser trennt das Markermeer im Nordosten vom IJsselmeer und über ihn verläuft die Hauptstraße N302. Im Südosten grenzt das Gewässer an das Flevoland, einen künstlichen Polder. Ursprünglich sollte das Markermeer nach Plänen in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts im Rahmen der Zuiderzeewerke wie Süd- und Ostflevoland oder der Noordoostpolder als Markerwaardpolder trockengelegt werden, jedoch hat sich die Region inzwischen als Freizeitgebiet etabliert, so dass die Umsetzung dieses Planes unwahrscheinlich ist.

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- [en] Markermeer

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[es] Markermeer

El Markermeer (en neerlandés lago de Marken) es un lago artificial de unos 700 km² ganado al mar localizado en el centro de los Países Bajos. Su profundidad varía entre 3 y 4 metros. Su nombre proviene del nombre de la antigua isla de Marken, que ahora está conectado a Holanda Septentrional por un dique.

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[fr] Markermeer

Le Markermeer (en français : lac de Marken) est un lac de 700 km2 situé dans le centre des Pays-Bas, constitué d'eau douce et permettant de réguler le niveau des flots dans le reste du pays. Sa profondeur varie entre 3 et 4 mètres. Son nom provient de l'ancienne île de Marken (la déclinaison néerlandaise donnant Marker).

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[it] Markermeer

Il Markermeer è un lago artificiale dei Paesi Bassi, con una superficie di 700 km², compreso tra le province Flevoland e Olanda Settentrionale, e il suo fratello maggiore, l'IJsselmeer. Si tratta di un lago poco profondo, con profondità compresa tra i 3 m e i 5 m, che prende il nome dalla piccola ex-isola, ora penisola, di Marken situata al suo interno.

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[ru] Маркермер

Маркермер (нидерл. Markermeer) — озеро в Нидерландах, часть бывшего залива Зёйдерзе. Расположено между провинциями Северная Голландия и Флеволанд, отделена от северного компаньона — озера Эйсселмер — дамбой Хаутрибдейк. Площадь озера 700 км², глубина составляет около 3 м.

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