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Lake Melville is an estuary of Hamilton Inlet (itself an extension of Groswater Bay) on the Labrador coast of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Comprising 3,069 km2 (1,185 sq mi)[4] and stretching 140 km (87 mi) inland to Happy Valley-Goose Bay, it forms part of the largest estuary in the province, primarily draining the Churchill River and Naskaupi River watersheds. Both Lake Melville and Hamilton Inlet are encircled by mountains, with primary settlements at Happy Valley-Goose Bay, North West River, and Sheshatshiu. It is the 46th largest lake globally.

Lake Melville
A map of the Lake Melville/Hamilton Inlet/Groswater Bay system, showing Hamilton Inlet as inclusive of L. Melville
Lake Melville
Location in Labrador
LocationLabrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Coordinates53°41′N 59°43′W
TypeTidal Extension
Native name
  • Tessiartosoak (Inuktitut)[1]
  • Atatshi-unipek (Innu)[2]
Basin countriesCanada
Surface area3,069 km2 (1,185 sq mi)
SettlementsHappy Valley-Goose Bay, Mud Lake, North West River, Rigolet, Sheshatshiu
References[3]


Name


Lake Melville was named for Henry Dundas, first Viscount Melville, who served as Britain's lord of the Admiralty in 1804 and 1805.[5]


Geography


Lake Melville is situated in central Labrador. To the south are the Mealy Mountains while another inlet (Double Mer) is located to the north. The Churchill River flows into the southwest point of Lake Melville. Lake Melville extends further inland between the communities of North West River and Sheshatshiu and these extensions are known as "Little Lake" and "Grand Lake". The Naskaupi River flows into Grand Lake.

Lake Melville is served by the Trans-Labrador Highway network. Route 500 spans from the mouth of the Churchill River at Happy Valley-Goose Bay to Labrador West while Route 510 goes from Happy Valley-Goose Bay to Blanc-Sablon where a ferry can be taken to Newfoundland. Route 520 is a paved highway on the west coast of Lake Melville connecting Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Sheshatshiu and North West River. Rigolet and Mud Lake are the only two communities in the region that cannot be reached by road.


History


The area around Lake Melville was historically inhabited by the Inuit and the Innu. It is believed that Labrador's Inuit migrated to Labrador from Baffin Island in search of Europeans (the Norse are thought to have landed at Baffin Island around 1000 AD).[6] At the end of the Seven Years' War, New France (including Labrador) was ceded to Great Britain. The British decided to develop a cod fishery in Labrador. The fishermen (who mostly came from Newfoundland), often married Inuit women and thus created the "Inuit-Metis". In 1824, the population around Lake Melville was 326 which consisted of 160 Inuit, 60 'half-Inuit', 90 European settlers, and 16 Canadian settlers.[6]

The economy around Lake Melville was historically based around the fishery and fur. Fort Smith (present-day North West River) was the seat of the Hudson's Bay Company factor for the surrounding territory. After John McLean discovered convenient riverine routes into the interior, it also was the supply centre for Fort Naskaupi. Fish and fur prices plummeted with the stock market crash beginning in 1929, weakening the meager though meaningful subsistence-based economy. Construction of an air base at Goose Bay in 1941 and radar installations along the coast offered Southern Inuit their first wage employment. Today, the town of Happy Valley-Goose Bay is one of the largest communities in Labrador and the tenth-largest community in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.[7]

The Lower Churchill Project is a planned hydroelectric project on the lower Churchill River.


Transportation


A ferry service runs on Lake Melville and Hamilton Inlet, connecting a number communities including Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Rigolet and Cartwright.


References



Citations


  1. [dead link]
  2. "Innu-aimun.ca: language resources for Innu: Words". Innu-aimun.ca.
  3. "Rivers in Canada". Archived from the original on 10 April 2007. Retrieved 2015-03-17.
  4. "Lakes of Canada". Archived from the original on 2007-04-10. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
  5. Hamilton (1996), s.v. "Lake Melville".
  6. "Southern Inuit of NunatuKavut: the Historical Background". Heritage.nf.ca. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  7. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses". Archived from the original on 2013-07-09.

Bibliography





На других языках


[de] Lake Melville

Der Lake Melville ist eine Inlandsbucht, die über den Meeresarm Hamilton Inlet, als dessen Bestandteil diese angesehen wird, mit dem Atlantischen Ozean verbunden ist. Die Bucht besitzt eine Wasserfläche von 3069 km²[1] und ist den Gezeiten unterworfen. Die mittlere Wasserspiegelhöhe liegt bei 3,5 m.[2]
- [en] Lake Melville

[es] Lago Melville

El lago Melville es una extensión de marea de agua salada de la ensenada de Hamilton en la costa de Labrador en la provincia canadiense de Terranova y Labrador. Se extiende por 3.069 kilómetros cuadrados,[1] y se extiende 140 kilómetros tierra adentro hasta Happy Valley-Goose Bay, forma parte del mayor estuario de la provincia, principalmente drenando las cuencas de los ríos río Churchill y Naskaupi. Tanto el lago Melville como la ensenada de Hamilton están circundados por montañas, con asentamientos primarios en la bahía Happy Valley-Goose, río Noroeste y Sheshatshiu. Un servicio de ferry va entre el lago Melville y la ensenada de Hamilton, conectando una serie de comunidades incluyendo Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Rigolet y Cartwright. El lago Melville recibió su nombre por el vizconde de Melville (1742-1811), un destacado político británico.

[fr] Lac Melville

Le lac Melville est un lac salé de la côte orientale du Labrador. Il est rattaché à Hamilton Inlet à l'est par un étroit passage à la hauteur du village de Rigolet. D'une superficie de 3 069 km2, d’une profondeur allant jusque 300 mètres, il s'étend sur 140 km à l'intérieur des terres jusqu'à ses deux prolongements à l'ouest : Goose Bay et Grand Lake. Entouré de montagnes et de collines rocheuses, le lac est alimenté par plusieurs cours d'eau importants dont le fleuve Churchill et la rivière Naskaupi qui drainent une grande partie du Labrador.

[it] Lago Melville

Il lago Melville è un lago salato della costa orientale del Labrador nella provincia canadese di Terranova e Labrador. Il lago ha una superficie di 3.069 km² e una profondità massima delle sue acque che raggiunge i 300 metri. Il lago è alimentato da una serie di fiumi, fra cui il più importante è il fiume Churchill.

[ru] Мелвилл (озеро)

Ме́лвилл (англ. Melville Lake) — озеро, расположенное в восточной части полуострова Лабрадор, в провинции Ньюфаундленд и Лабрадор, Канада. Одно из больших озёр Канады — площадь водной поверхности 3005 км², общая площадь — 3069 км², первый по величине естественный водоём в провинции Ньюфаундленд и Лабрадор[2]. Расположено на высоте 1 метра ниже уровня моря. Объём воды — 313 км³.[1].



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