Prometheus is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It is located on Io's hemisphere facing away from Jupiter at 1.52°S 153.94°W / -1.52; -153.94.[2]
Rupture in the surface of Io
Description
Prometheus consists of a 28-kilometer (17mi)-wide volcanic pit named Prometheus Patera and a 100-kilometer (62mi)-long compound lava flow, all surrounded by reddish sulfur and circular, bright sulfur dioxide volcanic plume deposits.[3] The volcano was first observed in images acquired by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in March 1979.[4] Later that year, the International Astronomical Union named this feature after a Greek fire god, Prometheus.
Prometheus is the site of a volcanic eruption that has been ongoing since at least the Voyager 1 encounter in 1979. Between the Voyager encounters and the first observations by Galileo, a 6,700-square-kilometer (2,600sqmi) flow field was emplaced.[5] Later Galileo observations of this flow field revealed numerous small breakouts, particularly on the western end of the flow field.[6]
Prometheus is the site of two volcanic eruption plumes: a small, sulfur-rich plume erupting from the magma-source vent at the eastern end of the flow field and a 75-to-100-kilometer (47 to 62mi)-tall, SO 2-rich dust plume erupting from the active flow front at the other end.[3] The former forms a diffuse, red deposit to the east of the Prometheus flow field. The latter forms a bright, circular deposit surrounding the entire volcano and lava flow. The SO 2-rich plume is generated as lava at the western end of the flow field covers sulfur dioxide frost, heating and vaporizing it.[7] This is accomplished at multiple breakouts, generating gas and dust for the visible dust plume.[8] Prometheus' plume has been observed by both Voyager spacecraft, Galileo, and New Horizons, at every appropriate imaging opportunity.
Leone, G.; Gerard Davies, A.; Wilson, L.; Williams, D. A.; Keszthelyi, L. P.; Jaeger, W. L.; Turtle, E. P. (2009). "Volcanic history, geologic analysis and map of the Prometheus Patera region on Io". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 187 (1–2): 93–105. Bibcode:2009JVGR..187...93L. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.019.
Davies, A. (2007). "Prometheus and Amirani: effusive activity and insulated flows". Volcanism on Io: A Comparison with Earth. Cambridge University Press. pp.208–216. ISBN978-0-521-85003-2.
Milazzo, M. P.; etal. (2001). "Observations and initial modeling of lava-SO 2 interactions at Prometheus, Io". J. Geophys. Res. 106 (E12): 33121–33128. Bibcode:2001JGR...10633121M. doi:10.1029/2000JE001410.
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