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Home Reef is a volcanic island atop a submarine volcano in Tonga. It is located southwest of Vava'u, between the islands of Kao and Late along the Tofua volcanic arc. The island is ephemeral, and has been repeatedly built and eroded by successive eruptions in 1852, 1857, 1984, 2006, and 2022.

Home Reef
Aster simulated natural-color image. The two bluish plumes are hot seawater laden with volcanic ash and chemicals. The plumes can be traced for almost 15 km (9.3 mi) to the east.
Home Reef is located between Metis Shoal and Late Island, Tonga
Summit depth−10 m (−33 ft)[1]
Location
LocationHome Reef is located between Metis Shoal and Late Island, Tonga
Coordinates18°59′28″S 174°45′47″W
CountryTonga
Geology
TypeSeamount
Last eruptionSeptember 2022

An eruption in 1984 built a small, temporary island 1,500 by 500 metres (4,900 ft × 1,600 ft), as well as pumice rafts which washed up as far away as Fiji and Australia.[2] The island washed away within a few months.[3]

After a volcanic eruption started on 8 August 2006, Home Reef emerged as an island; that eruption also spewed into Tongan waters large amounts of floating pumice, which swept across to Fiji about 350 km (220 mi) to the west of the new island.[4] In October 2006, it reached almost the same size as it did in 1984, when it was about 0.5 km × 1.5 km (0.3 by 0.9 miles). The island was first seen by the crew of a yacht, who recorded its emergence in their blog.[3][5] The eruptions produced extensive rafts of pumice, which drifted northeast from the new island. The pumice rafts and new island were imaged by the Aqua satellite in August 2006.[6] Images also revealed several small hot crater lakes on the newly formed island.[2]

The volcano erupted again in September 2022.[7] Eruptions began on 10 September, and by 17 September had built an island with an area of 6 acres (2.4 ha) and an elevation of 10 metres (33 ft) above sea level.[7][8] On 20 September the Tonga Geological Services warned of ash to a height of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi), drifting up to 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwards and 70 kilometres (43 mi) eastwards.[9] On 23 September 2022 the island was reported to have grown to 8 acres (3.2 ha) in size,[10] estimated at 8.6 acres (3.5 ha) the following day.[11] On 25 September, the island had an elevation of 15 metres (49 ft) above sea level.[12] By 3 October it had grown to 15 acres (6.1 ha) in size.[13] The eruption ended on 17 October.[14]


See also


Dacite pumice (2006 eruption; collected at a beach in northern Fiji Islands)
Dacite pumice (2006 eruption; collected at a beach in northern Fiji Islands)

References


  1. "Home Reef". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  2. Vaughan, R. Greg; Abrams, Michael; Hook, Simon J.; Pieri, David (2007). "Satellite Observations of New Volcanic Island in Tonga". Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union. 88 (4): 37, 41. doi:10.1029/2007EO040002.
  3. Anna Keating (March 2007). "Tonga's ephemeral island". New Zealand Geographic. No. 84. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  4. "Home Reef Reborn". NASA. 24 May 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  5. "Stone sea and volcano". Fredrik and Crew on Maiken. Blogger. 2006-08-17. Retrieved 2006-11-28.
  6. "NASA Earth Observatory". Archived from the original on 17 November 2006.
  7. "Home Reef Volcanic activity increasing as island re-emerges". Matangi Tonga. 17 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  8. Joshua Hawkins (22 September 2022). "NASA's Earth Observatory spots newly birthed island in the Pacific". BGR. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  9. "Home Reef Volcano new ash eruption low risk to Vava'u and Ha'apai". Matangi Tonga. 20 September 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  10. "Volcanic Tongan island keeps on growing". RNZ. 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  11. Hernandez, Joe (25 September 2022). "A new island has emerged out of the Pacific Ocean, but it may soon disappear". NPR. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  12. Ella Morgan (25 September 2022). "New island emerges from the ocean after underwater eruption near Tonga". Stuff. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  13. "Home Reef volcano activity non-threatening says Tonga's Geological Services". RNZ. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  14. "Hazard zone lifted but landing prohibited on Home Reef island". Matangi Tonga. 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.

На других языках

[de] Home Reef

Home Reef ist eine kleine Vulkaninsel und gehört zum Königreich Tonga im Pazifik.[1] Sie hat eine Fläche von ca. 0,8 km² und liegt etwa 15 km südsüdwestlich der Insel Late. Home Reef erscheint in unregelmäßigen Abständen aufgrund vulkanischer Aktivität. Zuletzt geschah dies 1852, 1857, 1984 und 2006. Anschließend fiel die Insel immer wieder der Erosion zum Opfer. Aktuell (2014) existiert die 2006 entstandene Insel immer noch. Sie wurde von dem schwedischen Segler Fredrik Fransson (wieder)entdeckt. Am 10. September 2022 begann ein neuer Ausbruch. Bis zum 25. September 2022 hatten Lavaflüsse erneut eine kleine Insel geschaffen.[2][3][4]
- [en] Home Reef

[fr] Home Reef

Le Home Reef ou Home Island est un volcan sous-marin de l'océan Pacifique situé aux Tonga, au sud-ouest de Vavaʻu. Ses éruptions sont peu documentées puisque seulement quatre sont connues en 1852, 1984, 2006 et 2022[1],[2]. Lors de ces épisodes, une île émerge, rapidement érodée par les vagues pour ne former qu'un haut-fond en période de calme éruptif. En octobre 2006, elle atteint 1,5 kilomètre de longueur pour 0,5 kilomètre de largeur.

[it] Home Reef

Home Reef è un'isola effimera prodotta da un vulcano sottomarino, la cui sommità è emersa ripetutamente dalla superficie del mare in seguito all'attività eruttiva. Le isole effimere hanno per definizione una durata limitata nel tempo, in quanto vengono erose in tempi brevi dal moto ondoso e dall'azione dei venti.

[ru] Хоум (вулкан)

Хоум — подводный вулкан в архипелаге Тонга (Королевство Тонга).


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