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Plane Island (French: Île Plane; Latin: Phalans Insula) also known as Piana[1] or Plana Island[2] andin Tunisian Arabicas Jaziret el-Monbasta[3] (Standard Arabic: الجزيرة المنبسطة, Jazirat al-Mussattahah), is a flat, rocky island in the Mediterranean Sea roughly 3.75 kilometers (2.3 mi) off Cape Farina, Tunisia.[4] It has a lighthouse.

Plane Island
Île Plane
الجزيرة المنبسطة
Plane Island, seen from the north in 2010
Plane Island
Geography
Coordinates37°10′53.8″N 10°19′42.3″E
Administration
Tunisia

History


Plane Island is possibly the "Terapse"[5] or "Phalans Island" (Latin: Phalans Insula) of ancient geographers.[6]

During the Napoleonic Wars, an error in navigation caused Captain Charles Tyler to wreck the captured frigate L'Aigle on Plane Island in July 1798[7] while operating against the French and pirates in the area. All of the crew were saved, and Captain Tyler was not held liable for the loss.[8]

After the establishment of French control over Tunisia, Ernest Cosson studied the plant life on Plane Island in May, 1888.[9]

The Belgian ship Scheldepas ran aground off Plane Island on March 14, 1929. The crew was rescued by the British ship Tabarka.[10][11] The Greek ship Michael L. Embricios ran aground on Plane Island on November 22, 1931. 30 crew were rescued by the German ship Alaya.[12][13][14]

The sea lanes around Plane Island were mined by the Allies during the Second World War.[15] As part of Operation Retribution, the Allied blockade of Axis attempts to flee from occupied Tunisia to Sicily, HMS Lookout captured 13 Germans and Italians off Plane Island on 13 May 1943. A little later, HMS Laforeyen route from repairs in Maltastopped by Plane Island, discovering 23 Axis soldiers and taking them prisoner.


Lighthouse


The island's lighthouse has the designation numbers ARLHS TUN-024, Admiralty E6414, and NGA 22056.[4]

It was erected by the French colonial authorities in 1888. It is a square tower with white and red bands, rising from its keeper's house. The tower stands 12 meters (39 ft) high. Its red lantern remains in use. It flashes twice every 10 seconds with a focal-plane height of 20 meters (65 ft); it is visible for 20–28 kilometers (11–15 nmi).[16]


Transportation


The island remains accessible only by boat. It is closed to the public.[4]




References



Citations


  1. Taylor (1874), p. 18.
  2. Francalanci & al. (1994), p. 74.
  3. "7510: De Cap Blanc à Jaziret el Monbasta", Tunisia Nautical Charts, Tunis: Centre Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine Nationale, 2007. (in French)
  4. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Tunisia". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
  5. "E Cap Sidi el Mekkik", Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire, 2013.
  6. De Graauw, Arthur (2018), "North Africa", The Catalogue of Ancient Ports & Harbours, Grenoble.
  7. Nicholas (1997), p. 103.
  8. Hepper (1994), p. 87.
  9. SSNT (1967), p. 109.
  10. "Casualty Reports", The Times, vol. No. 45143, London, 16 March 1929, p. 22.
  11. "SS Scheldepas (+1929)". wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  12. "Casualty Reports", The Times, vol. No. 45987, London, 23 November 1931, p. 21.
  13. "Greek Steamer Beached", The Times, vol. No. 45988, London, 24 November 1931, p. 20.
  14. "The Michael L. Embiricos Refloated", The Times, vol. No. 45993, London, 30 November 1931, p. 23.
  15. Playfair & al. (1966), p. 249.
  16. Harrison, Tim; et al. (2018), "Ile Plane Light", Lighthouse Explorer, East Machias: FogHorn Publishing.

Bibliography



На других языках


- [en] Plane Island

[fr] Île Plane (Tunisie)

L'île Plane (arabe : الجزيرة المنبسطة) est une île rocheuse située au nord de la Tunisie.

[it] Isola Piana (Tunisia)

L'isola Piana (in arabo الجزيرة المنبسطة) è un'isola rocciosa a nord della Tunisia.

[ru] План (остров, Тунис)

План[1][2] (араб. الجزيرة المنبسطة‎, фр. Île Plane) — остров на севере Туниса, в западной части Тунисского залива. Расположен к востоку от деревни Гар-эль-Мелах[en], острова Пило[fr] и мыса Рас-эт-Тарф[en] (Фарина). На острове расположен маяк[fr][1][2]. Относится к вилайету Бизерта.



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