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Chañaral is a small coastal city and commune in the Atacama Region, Chile and capital of the Chañaral Province. It is largely unknown by tourists, who generally head straight for towns such as San Pedro de Atacama. The town has no high rise buildings. On the arid hills nearby is a lighthouse which casts a beam over the town during the night. Throughout the day and night, there is a lively atmosphere on the narrow streets. Despite it being coastal, it is not a typical seaside resort, partly because the ocean is contaminated by the copper mining industry.[3][4][5] Situated a short distance to the north is the Pan de Azúcar National Park.

Chañaral
City and commune
Plaza Chañaral


Coat of arms
Chañaral
Location in Chile
Coordinates: 26°20′40″S 70°37′19″W
Country Chile
Region Atacama
ProvinceChañaral Province
Government
[1]
 • TypeMunicipality
Area
[2]
 • Total5,772.4 km2 (2,228.7 sq mi)
Elevation
198 m (650 ft)
Population
 (2002 Census)[2]
 • Total13,143
 • Density2.3/km2 (5.9/sq mi)
 • Urban
13,180
 • Rural
363
Sex
[2]
 • Men6,968
 • Women6,575
Time zoneUTC−4 (CLT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−3 (CLST)
Area code56 + 52
ClimateBWh
Websitewww.munichanaral.cl

History


In 1824, Diego de Almeyda discovered large natural deposits of copper in the area, and was the first in the mining industry in Chile to export it. For this reason, the town was founded in October 26,1833 as Chañaral de las Ánimas ("Chañar field of the Souls"). A few years later, Pedro Lujan discovered ore at El Salado, where a mine was built. In 1836, a shipping port promising raw material was constructed. The great boom Chañaral began in 1860 when A. Edwards & Company was settled where an inn exists today.


Demographics


According to the 2002 census by the National Statistics Institute (INE) the commune of Chañaral spans an area of 5,772.4 km2 (2,229 sq mi) and had 13,543 inhabitants (6,968 men and 6,575 women). Of these, 13,180 (97.3%) lived in urban areas and 363 (2.7%) in rural areas. The population fell by 2.8% (393 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.[2]

The demonym for a person from Chañaral is Chañaralino for a man and Chañaralina for a woman.


Administration


As a commune, Chañaral is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde was Hector Volta Rojas (PRSD), and the council has the following members:[1]

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Chañaral is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Lautaro Carmona (PC) and Carlos Vilches (UDI) as part of the 5th electoral district, (together with Diego de Almagro and Copiapó). The commune is represented in the Senate by Isabel Allende Bussi (PS) and Baldo Prokurica Prokurica (RN) as part of the 3rd senatorial constituency (Atacama).

View of Faro del Milenio lighthouse in Chañaral
View of Faro del Milenio lighthouse in Chañaral

References


  1. "Municipality of Chañaral" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 September 2010.
  2. "National Statistics Institute" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  3. J.C. Castilla (1983). "Environmental impact in sandy beaches of copper mine tailings at Chañaral, Chile". Marine Pollution Bulletin. Elsevier Ltd. 14 (12): 459–464. doi:10.1016/0025-326X(83)90046-2.
  4. J.A. Vasquez, B. Matsuhiro, M.A. Vega, L.M. Pardo, D. Veliz; Matsuhiro; Vega; Pardo; Veliz (2000). "The effects of mining pollution on subtidal habitats of northern Chile". International Journal of Environment and Pollution. 13 (1–6): 2–25. doi:10.1504/IJEP.2000.002330.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)[permanent dead link]
  5. J.L. Stauber; S. Andrade; M. Ramirez; M. Adams; J.A. Correa (2005). "Copper bioavailability in a coastal environment of Northern Chile: Comparison of bioassay and analytical speciation approaches". Marine Pollution Bulletin. Elsevier Ltd. 50 (11): 1363–1372. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.05.008. PMID 15993430.



На других языках

[de] Chañaral

Chañaral ist eine Stadt im Kleinen Norden Chiles in der Región de Atacama, Provinz Chañaral. Sie hat 12.500 Einwohner (Stand: 2005).
- [en] Chañaral

[it] Chañaral

Chañaral è un comune del Cile della provincia di Chañaral nella Regione di Atacama. Al censimento del 2002 possedeva una popolazione di 13.543 abitanti.

[ru] Чаньяраль

Чаньяраль (исп. Chañaral) — город и морской порт в Чили. Административный центр одноименной коммуны и провинции Чаньяраль. Население города — 12 086 человек (2002). Город и коммуна входит в состав провинции Чаньяраль и области Атакама.


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