geo.wikisort.org - River

The Timok (Serbian and Bulgarian: Тимок; Romanian: Timoc), sometimes also known as Great Timok (Serbian: Велики Тимок, romanized: Veliki Timok; Romanian: Timocul Mare), is a river in eastern Serbia, a right tributary of the Danube. For the last 15 km of its run it forms a border between eastern Serbia and western Bulgaria.

Timok Great Timok (Veliki Timok/Велики Тимок)
View of the Timok at Baley
Native name	Тимок  (Bulgarian)
Location
Country	Serbia and Bulgaria
City	Serbia: Zaječar, Brusnik Bulgaria: Bregovo, Baley
Physical characteristics
Source	Zaječar
• location	Junction of the Beli Timok and the Crni Timok, Serbia
• coordinates	43°55′12″N 22°17′52″E
Mouth	Danube
• location	near Bregovo, Serbia / Bulgaria
• coordinates	44°12′49″N 22°40′13″E
Length	202[1] km (126 mi)
Basin size	4,626[2] km2 (1,786 sq mi)
Discharge
• location	mouth
• average	31 m3/s (1,100 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Progression	Danube→ Black Sea
Tributaries
• left	Crni Timok
• right	Beli Timok

It is a branchy system of many shorter rivers, many of them having the same name (Timok), only clarified with adjectives. From the farthest source in the system, that of the Svrljiški Timok, until its confluence (as Veliki Timok), the Timok is 202 km long.[1] The area of the river basin is 4,626 km² (1,786 sq mi).[2] Its average discharge at the mouth is 31 m³/s (1,100 cu ft/s).[3] The Timok Valley is known for the most important Romanian-speaking population in Eastern Serbia.

Its name stems from antiquity, in Latin it was known as Timacus and in Ancient Greek Timachos", Τίμαχος.[4]

Drainage system

The Timok, also named Veliki Timok to distinguish it from its tributaries, is formed by the confluence of the rivers Beli Timok ("White Timok") and Crni Timok ("Black Timok") at Zaječar. The Beli Timok is formed by the confluence of the rivers Svrljiški Timok ("Svrljig Timok") and Trgoviški Timok ("Trgovište Timok") at Knjaževac.

Tributaries of the Timok are Duboki Dol, Beslarica, Golami Dol, Kijevska, Bračevicka, Studena Voda, Pivnica and Eleshchev from the right, and Lipovička River, Crna reka, Jelašnička reka, Salaška reka, Ogašu Taba, Brusnički potok, Urovički potok, Plandište and Sikolska river from the left.

Course

The Timok turns north-west after its formation at Zaječar, running next to the villages of Vražogrnac, Trnavac, Čokonjar, and Brusnik. Passing between the last two it leaves the Timok Valley and enters the Negotin Valley.

In the lower course the Timok has no major settlements on the Serbian side (though flowing only 7 km from Negotin). Some 15 km before it empties into the Danube as its right tributary, the Timok becomes a border river, passing next to the Bulgarian town of Bregovo and the Bulgarian village of Baley. The river's mouth represents the northernmost point of Bulgaria, and is only 28 m above sea level, which makes it the lowest point of Serbia. The average discharge is 24 m³/s, but it can grow to 40 m³/s, and the Timok is part of the Black Sea drainage basin. The main (right) tributaries in this section are Crna reka, Salaška reka, Sikolska reka and Čubarska reka (Cyrillic: Црна река, Салашка река, Сиколска река and Чубарска река).

Apart from the Timok Valley, the Timok gave its name to a rebellion against Serbian king Milan Obrenović IV in 1883, as Timočka Rebellion.

Economy and ecology

At Čokonjar, the Sokolovica power plant was constructed in 1947–1951. Opportunities for higher electricity production are not used.

The river has been greatly ecologically damaged in recent years by the mining and heavy metal industry in Bor and Krivelj and is consequently polluting the Danube with lead, copper and cadmium.

The river valley is a natural route for the road and railway Niš - Prahovo.

See also

• Rivers in Serbia
• Rivers in Bulgaria

References

• Mala Prosvetina Enciklopedija, Third edition (1985); Prosveta; ISBN 86-07-00001-2
• Jovan Đ. Marković (1990): Enciklopedijski geografski leksikon Jugoslavije; Svjetlost-Sarajevo; ISBN 86-01-02651-6

External links

Media related to Timok at Wikimedia Commons

На других языках

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[de] Timok

Der Timok (kyrillisch Тимок, rumänisch Timoc) ist ein rechter Nebenfluss der Donau. Der Name Timok leitet sich vom ursprünglichen lateinischen Namen Timacus ab.[1]

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- [en] Timok

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[es] Río Timok

El río Timok (serbio y búlgaro cirílico: Тимок, rumano: Timoc) es un río que discurre por el este de Serbia y por Bulgaria occidental, un afluente directo del río Danubio. Deriva los nombres en todos estos del que tuvo en la Antigüedad, en latín, Timacus.[1]

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[it] Timok

Il Timok (in bulgaro: Тимок?, in romeno: Timoc, in latino: Timacus), detto anche Veliki Timok, è un fiume che scorre in direzione sud-nord, affluente di destra del Danubio. Il Timok si trova in Serbia fino al suo sbocco nel Danubio e marca per una lunghezza di oltre 15 km il confine fra Serbia e Bulgaria.

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[ru] Тимок

Тимок (серб. Тимок, болг. Тимок, лат. Timacus) — река на Балканах, в Сербии и Болгарии, правый приток р. Дунай. Берёт начало в западной части хребта Стара-Планина и имеет ярко выраженный горный характер; в среднем течении пересекает горно-холмистую возвышенность; в нижней части принимает спокойный, равнинный характер. Впадает в Дунай несколько между г. Видином (Болгария) и так называемыми Железными Воротами (ущелье на Дунае).

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