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Moksha (Russian: Мо́кша, Moksha: Йов) is a river in central Russia, a right tributary of the Oka. It flows through Penza Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Ryazan Oblast and the Republic of Mordovia, and joins the Oka near Pyatnitsky Yar, near the city of Kasimov.

Moksha
Course of the Moksha
Location
CountryRussia
RegionPenza Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Republic of Mordovia, Ryazan Oblast
CitiesTemnikov, Krasnoslobodsk, Kovylkino
Physical characteristics
SourceVydygadovka
 • locationPrivolzhskaya Upland, Mokshansky District, Penza Oblast
 • coordinates53.3202°N 44.5203°E / 53.3202; 44.5203
MouthOka
 • location
Pitelinsky District, Ryazan Oblast
 • coordinates
54°44′35″N 41°52′42″E
 • elevation
79 m (259 ft)
Length656 km (408 mi)
Basin size51,000 km2 (20,000 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • location72 km from the mouth
 • average95 m3/s (3,400 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionOka→ Volga→ Caspian Sea
Tributaries 
 • leftVad, Tsna
 • rightSivin, Satis

It is 656 kilometres (408 mi) in length, and has a drainage basin of 51,000 square kilometres (20,000 sq mi).[1]

In the 1950s, several hydroelectric power stations were built in the middle course of the river, but without navigable locks. In 1955, 2 km below the mouth of the river. Prices on the Moksha River built Rasypukhinsky hydro-power plant with a hydroelectric power station and a wooden shipping lock. Navigation on the river was carried out until the mid-1990s.

On the Moksha is the Trinity-Scans monastery, the Nativity-Theotokos Sanaksar Monastery and the Krasnoslobodsky Savior-Transfiguration Monastery.


Origin of name and cultural significance


Although Russian lands with its origins of i.a Slavic, Uralic and Turkic people were in its history a space were Russia developed isolated for a long time and unknown to the eastern, northern, western and southern neighbors, it was a cultural space which in other phases of history was used for interaction from peoples, cultures and tribes from different continents. Russia, Russian culture and its people became somewhat known for its neighbors in the middle and towards the end of 1st millennium AD. During this period in first sources, the terms of Russia, Russkiye appeared.[2]

The name is connected to the ancient Indo-European population of the Pohje, speaking a language close to the Baltic. Hydronym is comparable with the Indo-European basis meksha, meaning "spillage, leakage". It is suggested that in the language of Indo-European aborigines moksha meant "stream, current, river" and as a term entered into a series of hydronyms (Shirmksha, Mamoksha, etc.).[3]

The name "Moksha" is mentioned by the monk-minorite Rubruk, the ambassador of the French King Louis IX to the Mongolian khan Sartak (1253).


Sources


In the monograph "The Nature of the Penza Region" it is pointed out that p. Moksha originates from above. Lookout Nechaevsky (now Mokshan district) of the Penza region. According to the latest information, Moksha begins in a ravine from the springs system near the village of Elizavetino. The source of Moksha is on a treeless place. Research conducted in 2009-2010. Showed that from the south with. Lookout among the elevated places stretches low (up to Elizavetino) about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long. This site is called "Dry Moksha". In the hollow with a sandy and clay bottom 20–40 centimetres (7.9–15.7 in) deep, a creeping stream of 0.5–1.5 centimetres (0.20–0.59 in) in width runs (the study was conducted in May 2010). The constant flow of water is observed below the confluence of the hollow from the holy spring, where a small extension of the channel also forms. A true watercourse flows towards Vision in a poorly developed channel. In some places, the banks collapse in the face of the knocking out of them groundwater flowing into the channel. The bottom of the lowland where the stream flows is swamped. Along the banks of the stream, shrubs of willows, thickets of broadleaf cattails, reeds of forest and some other moisture-loving plants grow in the water. Thus, the source of Moksha is a drying creek, now fueled by thawed and groundwater. It stretches to c. The look gradually turning into a constant stream.[4]


Tributaries


The Moksha has the following tributaries, from mouth to source:[1]


References


  1. «Река МОКША», Russian State Water Registry
  2. Herberstein, Siegmund Frhr (1549). Moskowia. Germany: Kiepenheuer. pp. 1–39. OCLC 251498793.
  3. Поспелов Е. М.
  4. [Артаев О. Н., Варгот Е. В., Ручин А. Б., Гришуткин О. Г. "О МЕСТОНАХОЖДЕНИИ ИСТОКА РЕКИ МОКШИ" - Журнал "Известия ПГУ им В.Г. Белинского 2011, Выпуск № 25 с. 650-651]

На других языках

[de] Mokscha

Die Mokscha (russisch Мо́кша; mokscha-mordwinisch Йов / Jow) ist ein 656 km langer rechter Nebenfluss der Oka in Zentralrussland.
- [en] Moksha (river)

[es] Río Moksha

El río Moksha (en ruso: Мо́кша) es un río de la Rusia europea, un afluente del río Oká, a su vez afluente del río Volga. Su longitud total es 656 km y su cuenca drena una superficie de 51.000 km² (similar a Costa Rica y Bosnia-Herzegovina).

[it] Mokša (fiume)

La Mokša (in russo: Мокша?) è un fiume della Russia europea (Oblast' di Penza, Mordovia, Oblast' di Nižnij Novgorod e di Rjazan'), affluente di destra dell'Oka.

[ru] Мокша (река)

Мо́кша (мокш. Мокша или Йов[2]) — большая река в Мордовии, Пензенской, Нижегородской и Рязанской областях, правый приток Оки, впадает в Оку в 350 км от её устья, ниже города Касимова.


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