geo.wikisort.org - River

The Crati is a river in Calabria, southern Italy. It is the largest river of Calabria and the third largest river of southern Italy after the Volturno and the Sele. In classical antiquity it was known as the Crathis or Crater[1] (Greek: Κρᾶθις).

Crati
The Crati at Cosenza
Location
Country	Italy
Region	Calabria
Physical characteristics
Source	Sila Mountains
• elevation	1,742 m (5,715 ft)
Mouth	Gulf of Taranto
• location	Laghi di Sibari
• coordinates	39°43′25″N 16°31′45″E
• elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Length	91 km (57 mi)
Basin size	2,448 km2 (945 sq mi)
Discharge
• average	36 m3/s (1,300 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Tributaries
• left	Busento, Coscile
• right	Arente, Mucone, Duglia

Geography

The Crati rises in the central Sila Mountains in the comune Aprigliano. It starts at as the Craticello at an elevation of 1,742 meters. It descends very steeply northward towards Cosenza where it is joined on the left by the Busento river, doubling in size. From here on it flows through a large plain, the Vallo del Crati. Here it is joined by several tributaries from the right: the Arente, Mucone (its main tributary on the right) and Duglia rivers. Several smaller streams also join it on the right: the Finita, Turbolo, Cucchiato, Campagnano, Mavigliano and Settimo. The river is also joined by several left tributaries including the Annea. It has a drainage basin of 2,448 square kilometres (945 sq mi).[2]

With a discharge of 20 m³/s it continues to Tarsia where a dam forms an artificial lake of the same name. From here it changes course to the northeast and meets with the Coscile river approximately five kilometers from the Gulf of Taranto. The Coscile is its main tributary on the left which again doubles the river in size. It continues eastwards, passing immediately south of the archaeological site of Sybaris and Thurii. Its mouth is near the marina of the comune Corigliano-Rossano.

Hydrology

The Crati is the largest river in the region in terms of discharge, both as an annual average (about 36 m³/s), minimum (about 10 m³/s) and maximum (more than 3,000 m³/s). The river is very seasonal and can sometimes bring disastrous winter floods, which happened most recently in December 2008.^{[citation needed]}

History

Because of its close proximity to the famous ancient city of Sybaris the Crati was noticed by many ancient writers. Lycophron and Theocritus mention the river in their poetry.[3] Euripides praises the river and alleges that it would change the color of the hair to auburn. Others mention different colors and Pliny the Elder writes that it would make sheep white.[4] According to Strabo the river received its name because it was a mixture, just like the Krathis river in Achaea. Pausanias and Herodotus also mention it, but state that the river was named after the Krathis river.[5]

Strabo also claims that the Croton diverted the course of the Crathis to submerge Sybaris.[6] Research has not confirmed this. The Crati transports coarse sand and pebbles in its channel. If Strabo's claim is true, that material would have been deposited as sediment above the city when the river submerged it. An analysis of core samples taken from the site of Sybaris by Stanley and Bernasconi did not find such river deposits directly above the former city. Future retrieval of additional cores and facies analysis will eventually confirm or discredit Strabo's account.[7]

In the time of Sybaris the Coscile was not a tributary of the Crati but pursued a direct course to the Gulf of Taranto. It probably followed a course at a short distance to the north of Sybaris.[7]

References

На других языках

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[de] Crati

Der Crati (altgriechisch: Κρᾶθις) ist ein Fluss in Kalabrien in Süditalien. Der Crati ist 91 km lang und somit der längste Fluss Kalabriens. Er entspringt in 1742 m Höhe im Sila-Gebirge auf dem Monte Timpone Bruno, im Gebiet der Gemeinde Aprigliano. Das Einzugsgebiet des Flusses beträgt 2440 km². Seine bedeutendsten Nebenflüsse sind der Busento und die Coscile. Der Busento mündet bei Cosenza in den Crati. Die Coscile fließt dem Crati erst kurz vor seiner Mündung in das Ionische Meer zu. Das Meer bildet an der Mündung des Crati innerhalb des Golfs von Tarent den Golf von Corigliano. Vor der Mündung durchfließt der Fluss die Ebene von Sibari. Diese Ebene war in der Antike ein Siedlungsgebiet der Magna Graecia mit den Städten Sybaris und Thurioi, später bis in das 20. Jahrhundert ein Sumpfgebiet. Heute wird die Ebene landwirtschaftlich intensiv genutzt. Wenige hundert Meter südlich der Mündung des Crati liegen der Hafen von Corigliano Calabro und dessen Ortsteil Schiavonea.

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- [en] Crati

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[es] Cratis

El Cratis (del griego Κρᾶθις - Krâthis, que indicaba la personificación de la potencia; en italiano, Crati) es un río italiano de Calabria, que nace en La Sila y desemboca en el mar Jónico, en el golfo de Tarento después de un recorrido de 91 km. Es el río principal de Calabria, de hecho el más importante de la región por volumen de agua en la desembocadura (aunque el tercero de la Italia meridional después de Volturno y Sele) con una media anual de alrededor de 36 m³/s,[1] por longitud de su curso (91 kilómetros) y superficie de cuenca (2.440 km²).

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[it] Crati

Il Crati (dal greco Kràtos, Κράτος, che indicava la "personificazione della potenza") è il fiume principale della Calabria: è il più importante della regione per volume d'acque alla foce (oltre che il terzo del Meridione dopo Volturno e Sele) con una media annua di circa 36 m³/s[1], per lunghezza del suo corso (91 km) e superficie di bacino idrografico (2.440 km²).

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